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This study aims to investigate the efficacy of high energy, low volume oral nutritional supplements (ONS) compared to equivalent standard ONS (control) to maximize nutrient intake, compliance, gastro intestinal tolerance and function, in participants at risk of malnutrition.
In current clinical practice malnourished (undernourished) patients may receive oral nutritional supplements (ONS) to aid in the management of their malnutrition (undernutrition). Poor compliance to ONS was been reported in the scientific literature, however recent studies of a low volume, high energy ONS have shown high compliance. This study aims to further explore compliance to low volume ONS compared to standard ONS. This study is a 2 week cross over study with a 4 week optional extension. Participants at risk of malnutrition will receive a low volume, high energy ONS for 1 week and a standard ONS for 1 week in a random order to compare nutrient intake and compliance. This short term element of the study was designed based on a similar study by Hubbard et al 2009, where significant differences in compliance and energy intake were observed. Participants may then take part in an optional 4 week extension period where they will receive their preferred ONS for 4 weeks. Longer term outcomes such as change in weight, muscle function and tolerance to the ONS will be measured in this part of the study. Changes in weight and muscle function are typically seen in 4 weeks.
Overview of the study:
A. A standard ONS (1.5kcal/ml) as control, ad libitum in addition to diet for 7 days. Participants will then receive the high energy, low volume equivalent ONS (2.4kcal/ml) ad libitum in addition to diet for 7 days (n=70), or:
B. A high energy, low volume ONS (2.4kcal/ml) ad libitum in addition to diet for 7 days. Participants will then receive the equivalent standard ONS (1.5kcal/ml) as control, ad libitum in addition to diet for 7 days (n=70). Participants will then have an option to continue with their preferred ONS for a further 4 weeks (28 days).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standard ONS | Active Comparator |
| |
| High Energy, Low volume ONS | Experimental | High energy, low volume ONS |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard ONS | Dietary Supplement | Standard ONS |
|
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Nutrient intake (energy, protein and micronutrients) | Dietary intake, including the intake of all foods, drinks and ONS will be recorded at baseline (day 1), at the end of week 1, at the end of week 2 and at the end of the optional extension period (week 6) using 24 hr dietary recall. A dietary analysis program will be used to calculate intake from food and total dietary intake. | 1week |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Compliance with ONS | Participants' compliance with ONS (percentage of bottle consumed), will be recorded on a daily basis by the participant or their carer throughout the study. | 1week |
| ONS Acceptability (taste, aroma) and ONS Preference (which type is preferred) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Rebecca Stratton | Nutricia UK Ltd | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietetics Dept, Great Western Hospital | Swindon | Wiltshire | SN3 6BB | United Kingdom |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D044342 | Malnutrition |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019587 | Dietary Supplements |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005502 | Food |
| D000066888 | Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |
| D019602 | Food and Beverages |
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| High Energy, low volume ONS | Dietary Supplement | High energy, low volume ONS |
|
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The acceptability (taste, texture, aroma) and preference for the type of ONS will be assessed (using Yes/No questions and visual analogue scales) to gather patients feedback on the acceptability the the supplements |
| 1week |
| Appetite | The effect of the ONS on hunger and fullness will be assessed by questionnaire using visual analogue scales at baseline (day 1), at the end of week 1, at the end of week 2 and at the end of the study (week 6). | 1week |
| Anthropometry | At baseline as part of screening with MUST, at the end of week 1, at the end of week 2 and at the end of the study (week 6), body weight (kg) will be measured using standard methods and body mass index (kg/m2) calculated. Body weight will be measured to the nearest 0.1kg using a weighing scale or weighing chair without shoes or heavy clothing. | 6weeks |
| Muscle Strength (Hand Grip Strength) | Hand grip strength will be measured at baseline (day 1), at the end of week 2 and at the end of the study (week 6) using a handgrip dynamometer. | 6weeks |
| Gastro-intestinal (GI) tolerance | Gastro-intestinal tolerance will be assessed at baseline (day 1), at the end of week 1, at the end of week 2 and the end of week 6 for 1 day, using a standardized GI tolerance questionnaire. | 6weeks |