Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
The purpose of this study is to determine whether subjects following a high protein diet will gain less in weight after smoking cessation compared to subjects following a low fat diet due to the effects of protein on metabolic rate and hunger.
Sustained smoking cessation is one of the most effective therapies to avoid premature morbidity and mortality. However, weight gain associated with nicotine withdrawal may attenuate some of the beneficial health effects and is cited as a major obstacle to quit smoking. The mechanism for the weight gain is not elucidated but reduced resting metabolic rate, reduced total energy expenditure, increased caloric intake and changes in fat metabolism may be involved. Elucidating effective strategies to prevent or reduce post-cessation weight gain may improve health outcomes of smoking cessation.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| The High Protein Diet Group | Experimental | The high protein diet (25% energy from protein, 55% energy from fat, 20% energy from carbohydrate) will be hypo-caloric and achieved by restricting the amount of sugar containing foods and drinks, reducing the intake of bread, rice, pasta, fruits and fruit-juices and increasing the intake of vegetables (instead of bread, rice, pasta and potatoes) and increasing the amounts of protein (from chicken, fish, and meat) and fat from oil and dressings for lunch and dinner and by choosing nuts and protein-rich yoghurts, egg, cheese, chicken wings, shellfish, fish and fish products as snacks. |
|
| The Low Fat Diet Group | Active Comparator | The low fat diet (30% energy from fat, 20% energy from protein, 50% energy percent from carbohydrate) will be hypo-caloric and achieved by choosing low-fat diary and meat products, restricting amounts of visible fat and fatty snacks and increasing intake of whole meal bread, muesli, brown rice, whole meal pasta in the main meals and by choosing yoghurt with muesli, oat porridge with milk, fruits and hard bread with jam and soft gout-cheese as snacks. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The high protein diet group and the low fat diet group | Other | The High Protein Diet Group was advised to have 25 energy percent from protein, 55 energy percent from fat, 20 energy percent from carbohydrate in the diet and the Low Fat Diet Group was advised to have 30 energy percent from fat, 20 energy percent from protein, 50 energy percent from carbohydrate in the diet. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Body weight and waist circumference | 4 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after smoking cessation |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Resting metabolic rate, total energy expenditure, body composition, components of metabolic syndrome, eating behavior | 4 weeks |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Serena Tonstad, Professor | Oslo University Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Preventive Cardiology | Oslo | 0407 | Norway |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28216282 | Derived | Heggen E, Svendsen M, Tonstad S. Smoking cessation improves cardiometabolic risk in overweight and obese subjects treated with varenicline and dietary counseling. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2017 Apr;27(4):335-341. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.12.011. Epub 2017 Jan 4. |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012907 | Smoking |
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D009765 | Obesity |
| D016540 | Smoking Cessation |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
|
|
| D012816 |
| Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D015438 | Health Behavior |