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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| R01AG031176 | U.S. NIH Grant/Contract | View source |
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| National Institute on Aging (NIA) | NIH |
| Baylor College of Medicine | OTHER |
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Obesity causes frailty in obese older adults by exacerbating the age-related decline in physical function. However, appropriate management of obesity in older adults is controversial. Weight loss without exercise could worsen frailty by accelerating the usual age-related decline in muscle and bone mass that leads to sarcopenia and osteopenia, respectively. Because of the important problem of frailty in obese older adults, it is important to determine the most efficacious approach in reducing, or even reversing frailty in this population. The primary objective of this proposal is to evaluate which distinct type of physical exercise (resistance, aerobic, or combined resistance + aerobic) is most efficacious in preventing the weight-loss-induced reduction in muscle and bone mass and reversing frailty in obese older adults.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diet + Resistance Exercise Training | Experimental | Weekly behavioral/diet-induced weight loss plus supervised resistance exercise training three times a week |
|
| Diet + Aerobic Exercise Training | Experimental | Weekly behavioral/diet-induced weight loss plus supervised aerobic exercise training three times a week |
|
| Diet + Combined Aerobic/Resistance Exercise | Experimental | Weekly behavioral/diet-induced weight loss plus combined supervised resistance exercise training and aerobic exercise training three times a week |
|
| Control Group (No Diet/No Exercise) | No Intervention | No diet No exercise training |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diet + Resistance Training | Behavioral | Behavioral Therapy through a lifestyle modification program, Diet therapy once weekly through a dietician prescribed diet for 26 weeks, and resistance exercise training 3-days/week for 24 weeks. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Physical Function | The Physical Performance Test includes seven standardized tasks (walking 15.2 m [50 ft], putting on and removing a coat, picking up a penny, standing up from a chair, lifting a book, climbing one flight of stairs, and performing a progressive Romberg test) plus two additional tasks (going up and down four flights of stairs and making a 360-degree turn). The score for each task ranges from 0 to 4, with higher scores indicating better physical performance; a perfect score would be 36. | 6 Months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in lean mass | Assessed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) | 6 months |
| Change in fat mass | Assessed using DXA | 6 months |
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Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Dennis T Villareal, MD FACP FACE | Baylor College of Medicine | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Mexico VA Medical Center and University of New Mexico School of Medicine | Albuquerque | New Mexico | 87108 | United States | ||
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40527119 | Derived | Colleluori G, Viola V, Bathina S, Armamento-Villareal R, Qualls C, Giordano A, Villareal DT. Effect of aerobic or resistance exercise, or both on insulin secretion, ciliary neurotrophic factor, and insulin-like growth factor-1 in dieting older adults with obesity. Clin Nutr. 2025 Aug;51:50-62. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2025.05.016. Epub 2025 May 28. | |
| 31797417 | Derived | Armamento-Villareal R, Aguirre L, Waters DL, Napoli N, Qualls C, Villareal DT. Effect of Aerobic or Resistance Exercise, or Both, on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Metabolism in Obese Older Adults While Dieting: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Bone Miner Res. 2020 Mar;35(3):430-439. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.3905. Epub 2019 Dec 4. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009765 | Obesity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004032 | Diet |
| D055070 | Resistance Training |
| D015444 | Exercise |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009747 | Nutritional Physiological Phenomena |
| D000066888 | Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |
| D005081 | Exercise Therapy |
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| Diet + Aerobic Training | Behavioral | Behavioral Therapy through a lifestyle modification program, Diet therapy once weekly through a dietician prescribed diet for 26 weeks, and aerobic exercise training 3-days/week for 24 weeks |
|
| Diet + Resistance/Aerobic Exercise | Behavioral | Behavioral Therapy through a lifestyle modification program, Diet therapy once weekly through a dietician prescribed diet for 26 weeks, and combined resistance/aerobic exercise training 3-days/week for 24 weeks |
|
| Change in muscle strength | Assessed using 1-repetition maximum and dynamometry | 6 months |
| Change in gait speed | Measured as time to walk a certain distance | 6 months |
| Change in areal bone mineral density | Assessed by using DXA | 6 months |
| Change in biochemical marker for bone turnover and bone metabolism | Assessed by using enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay and radioimmunoassay | 6 months |
| Change in circulating cytokines | Assessed by using enzyme linked immunoassay | 6 months |
| Change in adipocytokines | Assessed by using enzyme linked immunoassay | 6 months |
| Change in aerobic capacity | Assessed by using indirect calorimetry during graded exercise stress test | 6 months |
| Change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure | Assessed by using sphygmomanometer | 6 months |
| Change in serum glucose | Assessed by glucose oxidase method | 6 months |
| Change in serum lipids | Assessed by automated enzymatic/colorimetric assays | 6 months |
| Change in habitual physical activity assessed by questionnaires | Using the Stanford physical activity questionnaire (score range: 0 to 40 with higher scores indicating higher physical activity levels) | 6 months |
| Change in habitual physical activity measured objectively | Using accelerometers | 6 months |
| Change in serum insulin | Assessed by immunoassay | 6 months |
| Change in serum estradiol | Assessed by immunoassay | 6 months |
| Change in 25 hydroxyvitamin D | Assessed by immunoassay | 6 months |
| Change in Impact of Weight on Quality of Life_Lite (IWQOL-lite) score | Assessed by IWQO-liteL questionnaire | 6 months |
| Change in Medical Outcomes 36-Item short form Health survey (SF-36) | Assessed by Physical component summary and mental component summary score (score range 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health status) | 6 months |
| Change in gene expression of muscle anabolic and catabolic factors | Assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and nanostring | 6 months |
| Change in protein expression of muscle anabolic and catabolic factors | Assessed by western blotting | 6 months |
| Change in concentration of targeted metabolites | Assessed by liquid chromatography hyphenated with mass spectrometry techniques | 6 months |
| Change in dynamic balance | Assessed by the obstacle course | 6 months |
| Change in static balance | Assessed by one leg stance | 6 months |
| Change in modified mini-mental exam | Assessed by using cognitive instrument testing | 6 months |
| Change in word fluency | Assessed by using cognitive instrument testing | 6 months |
| Change in trail a and trail b | Assessed by using cognitive instrument testing | 6 months |
| Change in Ray Auditory verbal learning test | Assessed by using cognitive instrument testing | 6 months |
| Change in muscle protein synthesis rate | Assessed by stable isotope methodology | 6 months |
| Change in thigh muscle and fat mass | Assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | 6 months |
| Change in visceral fat mass | Assessed by MRI | 6 months |
| Change in mood | Assessed by geriatric depression scale (score range: 0 to 30, where lower scores indicating better mood) | 6 months |
| Change in waist circumference | Using a tape measure | 6 months |
| Change in serum testosterone | Assessed by immunoassay | 6 months |
| Change in subjective ability to function | Assessed by Functional Status Questionnaire (score range: 0 to 36 with higher scores indicating better function) | 6 months |
| Change is serum sclerostin | Assessed by immunoassay | 6 months |
| Change in parathyroid hormone | Assessed by immunoassay | 6 months |
| Baylor College of Medicine |
| Houston |
| Texas |
| 77030 |
| United States |
| 31279675 | Derived | Colleluori G, Aguirre L, Phadnis U, Fowler K, Armamento-Villareal R, Sun Z, Brunetti L, Hyoung Park J, Kaipparettu BA, Putluri N, Auetumrongsawat V, Yarasheski K, Qualls C, Villareal DT. Aerobic Plus Resistance Exercise in Obese Older Adults Improves Muscle Protein Synthesis and Preserves Myocellular Quality Despite Weight Loss. Cell Metab. 2019 Aug 6;30(2):261-273.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.06.008. Epub 2019 Jul 3. |
| 28514618 | Derived | Villareal DT, Aguirre L, Gurney AB, Waters DL, Sinacore DR, Colombo E, Armamento-Villareal R, Qualls C. Aerobic or Resistance Exercise, or Both, in Dieting Obese Older Adults. N Engl J Med. 2017 May 18;376(20):1943-1955. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1616338. |
| D001835 |
| Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
| D000359 | Aftercare |
| D003266 | Continuity of Patient Care |
| D005791 | Patient Care |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D064797 | Physical Conditioning, Human |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |