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The propose of the study is to investigate the efficacy of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT, Segal, Williams, & Teasdale, 2002) for patients suffering from Chronic Major Depression. The efficacy of MBCT will be compared with the Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (McCullough, 2003), a treatment approach, which has proven it's efficacy yet, and with a treatment-as-usual condition (standard psychiatric outpatient care).
Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) is a treatment approach specifically developed for the treatment of chronic depression. CBASP aims to change dysfunctional interpersonal patterns. Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) has recently been proposed as a further treatment option for chronic depression. MBCT trains patients to step out of negative ruminative states of mind. There are no direct comparisons of the psychological treatment options for chronic depression.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy | Experimental | Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy is based on an integration of certain aspects of cognitive behavioral therapy for depression (Beck et al., 1979) and components of the Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction program developed by Kabat-Zinn and colleagues (Kabat-Zinn, 1990). After an initial orientation session, the MBCT program is delivered weekly by an instructor in eight 2.5 hr group sessions. |
|
| CBASP | Active Comparator | The Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy integrates behavioral, cognitive, and interpersonal strategies. After two initial orientation sessions, the MBCT program is delivered by an instructor in eight weekly 2.5 hr group sessions. |
|
| Treatment-as-usual | Active Comparator | Standard psychiatric outpatient care: All patients were requested to get treated individually either by a psychiatrist or by a licensed psychotherapist (not member of the study team). If patients were already in psychiatric/psychotherapeutic individual treatment at study intake they continued their treatment with this psychiatrist/psychotherapist |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy | Behavioral | Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy is based on an integration of aspects of cognitive behavioral therapy for depression (Beck et al., 1979) with components of the Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction program developed by Kabat-Zinn and colleagues (Kabat-Zinn, 1990). After an initial orientation session, the MBCT program is delivered by an instructor in eight weekly 2.5 hr group sessions |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression | Change from Baseline in HAM-D at 8 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Beck Depression Inventory II | Change from Baseline in BDI-II at 8 weeks | |
| Social Adaption Self-evaluation Scale | Change from Baseline in SASS at 8 weeks | |
| Short Form (36) Health Survey |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Johannes Michalak, PD Dr. phil. | University of Hildesheim | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Hildesheim | Hildesheim | 31141 | Germany |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 27128357 | Derived | Forkmann T, Brakemeier EL, Teismann T, Schramm E, Michalak J. The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy added to Treatment as Usual on suicidal ideation in chronic depression: Results of a randomized-clinical trial. J Affect Disord. 2016 Aug;200:51-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.01.047. Epub 2016 Apr 19. | |
| 26371617 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003866 | Depressive Disorder |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019964 | Mood Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000099025 | Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D064866 | Mindfulness |
| D015928 | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy |
| D001521 | Behavior Therapy |
| D011613 | Psychotherapy |
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|
| The Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy | Behavioral | The Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy integrates behavioral, cognitive, and interpersonal strategies. After two initial orientation sessions, the MBCT program is delivered weekly by an instructor in eight 2.5 hr group sessions. |
|
| Standard psychiatric care | Biological | Antidepressant medication and medical care. Standard psychiatric outpatient care: All patients were requested to get treated individually either by a psychiatrist or by a licensed psychotherapist (not member of the study team). If patients were already in psychiatric/psychotherapeutic individual treatment at study intake they continued their treatment with this psychiatrist/psychotherapist |
|
|
| Change from Baseline in SF-36 at 8 weeks |
| Global Assessment of Functioning Scale | Change from Baseline in HAM-D at 8 weeks |
| Response Styles Questionnaire | Change from Baseline in RSQ at 8 weeks |
| Beck Depression Inventory II | Change from Baseline in BDI-II at 6 months |
| Social Adaption Self-evaluation Scale | Change from Baseline in SASS at 6 months |
| Short Form (36) Health Survey | Change from Baseline in SF-36 at 6 months |
| Global Assessment of Functioning Scale | Change from Baseline in GAF at 6 months |
| Response Styles Questionnaire | Change from Baseline in RSQ at 6 months |
| Michalak J, Schultze M, Heidenreich T, Schramm E. A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and a group version of cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy for chronically depressed patients. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2015 Oct;83(5):951-63. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000042. Epub 2015 Aug 10. |
| D004191 |
| Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |