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Vitamin D deficiency is frequently reported in pregnant women despite recommendation of daily vitamin D supplementation of 400IU/d. Recent studies have shown that in the absence of sun exposure these doses are seldom able to achieve 25(OH)D optimal serum levels.
We hypothesize that larger doses of vitamin D are needed to be supplemented to all women during pregnancy. We hypothesize that this may have advantageous effects on maternal vitamin D and bone reserve as well on offspring vitamin D and bone status at birth and possible further on.
The aim of the present study is to compare vitamin D and bone status of infants born to mothers supplemented with 400IU/d (present recommendations) and 2000IU/d vitamin D during the third trimester of pregnancy.
This is a prospective randomized controlled study.
120 pregnant women will be recruited at 27 weeks gestation and randomized into two treatment groups; 400IU/d or 2000IU/d vitamin D supplementation from 27 weeks until delivery.
25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), parathyroid hormone (PTH), urinary calcium/creatinine and serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels will be assessed in mothers at 27 weeks and at delivery.
25OHD, calcium and ALP levels, and urinary calcium/creatinine will be evaluated in offspring at birth and at one year age.
Vitamin D and calcium intake and sun exposure will be evaluated in mothers and offsprings.
Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurement of tibia and radius will be performed to newborns and at the age of one year.
Bone status of newborns at birth and at one year age in children will be compared between the 2 groups.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Larger doses of vitamin D supplementation | Experimental | The subjects enrolled in this arm will be supplemented during the third trimester of pregnancy with 2000IU vitamin D per day |
|
| Conventional vitamin D supplementation | No Intervention | Regular supplementation during pregnancy with 400IU vitamin D |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin D | Dietary Supplement | Vitamin D 2000iu/ day from the 27 week of pregnancy up to delivery |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Bone status in offspring at the age of one year as assessed by tibial and radius quantitative ultrasound (QUS). | Bone status in offsprings, assessed at the age of one year |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Vitamin D status of mothers. | At the start of intervention, at delivery and at the age of one year | |
| Maternal health status. | At the start of intervention, at delivery and at the age of one year | |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Corina Hartman, MD | Contact | 972-3-9253674 | corinah@clalit.org.il | |
| Raanan Shamir, Professor | Contact | 972-3-9253673 | raanans@clalit.org.il |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Corina Hartman, MD | Rabin Medical Center | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel | Recruiting | Petah Tikva | 49202 | Israel |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014807 | Vitamin D |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012632 | Secosteroids |
| D013256 | Steroids |
| D000072473 | Fused-Ring Compounds |
| D011083 | Polycyclic Compounds |
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| Infants' growth. |
| At the start of intervention, at delivery and at the age of one year |
| Vitamin D status in infants. | At the start of intervention, at delivery and at the age of one year |
| Safety of vitamin D supplementation doses. | At the start of intervention, at delivery and at the age of one year |