The purpose of this observational study is to examine the rate at which elevated body temperature (fever) is relieved by an itraconazole injection administrated to patients experiencing neutropenic fever . A neutropenic fever is an elevated body temperature that occurs at a time when the patient's white blood cell count is low. White blood cells aid the body's normal defenses against infection, so a fever during this period might make it difficult for the patient to fight infections.

This study is a multi-center, open-label, prospective and observational study enrolling approximately 440 patients. The primary objective of this study is to examine the fever response rate after itraconazole IV (directly into the vein) is administered for more than 3 days to patients with neutropenic fever based on investigator's discretion. Follow-up will be performed before and after administration and for 7 days after administration. Study population consists of the patients who visit a study center during the study period and are judged to have neutropenic fever associated with hematologic malignancy such as acute leukemia, hodgkin's lymphoma, non-hodgkin's lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndrome, and multiple myeloma. The decision to treat patients with itraconazole is as per physician discretion and doses are determined based upon approved labeling recommendations and physician discretion. The safety and efficacy of itraconazole administered beyond 29 days is not yet been established in the treatment of fever in neutropenic patients suspected of systemic fungal infection. Itraconazole 200 mg IV twice daily for 2 days, for a total of 4 doses, then 200 mg IV once daily for 12 days. After the administration for a total of 14 days, itraconazole oral solution 200 mg (20 ml) twice daily should be continued for a total of 14 days

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with neutropenic fever who receive antineoplastic therapy or stem cell transplantation for acute leukemia, hodgkin's lymphoma, non-hodgkin's lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndrome, and multiple myeloma
• Patients who are recommended to receive itraconazole injection for treatment of acute leukemia, hodgkin's lymphoma, non-hodgkin's lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndrome, and multiple myeloma

Exclusion Criteria:

• Childbearing women who are pregnant or likely to be pregnant during the study period and male patients who are neither infertile nor willing to refrain from sexual relations but whose partner does not conduct an effective contraception (implant, injections, oral contraceptives, intrauterine device, etc.)
• Fever due to documented deep-seated fungal infection at the entry into the study (documented candidemia will be included)
• Significant hepatic and renal dysfunction
• Patients who, at the discretion of the investigator, are not eligible for the study participation based on warnings, precautions and contraindicated medications as listed in the package insert of the drug

Study population consists of the patients who visit a study center during the study period and are judged to have neutropenic fever associated with hematologic malignancy such as acute leukemia, hodgkin's lymphoma, non-hodgkin's lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndrome, and multiple myeloma