The purpose of proposed research is to implement a randomized study that will allow us to understand and address a number of key barriers to patient adherence as well as study the effects of better adherence on health and socio-economic outcomes.

Several studies have shown that proper adherence to treatment regimens is essential for the effectiveness of ARV therapy (e.g Wools-Kaloustian et al. 2006). There is also evidence in that in some treatment programs in Africa, adherence rates are not always high (Gill et al. 2005). Even in settings where adherence levels are found to be high, numerous factors have been identified as being relevant, although the causal effects are unknown (Castro, 2006). As ARV treatment programs are scaled up in Africa, it is essential to understand the socio-economic determinants of adherence to ARV treatment, as well as the impact of interventions to support high levels of adherence. A secondary objective of this study is to understand the socio-economic impacts of higher adherence.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients who had been on ARV therapy at the Chulaimbo Rural Health Center for a maximum of three months and providing consent to participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients who had been on ARV therapy for more than 3 months.