To compare the effects of conventional cytology testing with concommitant HPV-cytology testing for the detection of high grade cervical lesions in primary cervical cancer screening in Hong Kong

Hypotheses:

1. There is a significant difference in the number of CIN2+ cases detected between the cytology testing group and the cytology-HPV co-testing group at baseline.
2. Significantly more CIN2+ cases will be detected at the second round of screening among participants with normal cytology result in the control arm than those with normal cytology and negative HPV results in the intervention arm.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Ethnic Chinese women aged 30 to 60 years who have completed a written consent
• Women who have not attended screening for the past 3 years or more will be given priority

Exclusion Criteria:

• Currently pregnant
• Without a cervix
• Congenital abnormalities of the lower genital tract
• Previous history of invasive cervical cancer
• Who has been followed-up or treated for an abnormal cytology result in the past 12 months
• Who are unable to provide consent