The Effect Site Concentration of Remifentanil for Conscious Sedation During Awake Nasotracheal Fiberoptic Intubation

The Effect Site Concentration of Remifentanil for Conscious Sedation During Awake Nasotracheal Fiberoptic Intubation

Remifentanil provides analgesia, suppresses airway reflex, has little effect on cognitive function. It can be used for conscious sedation during awake nasotracheal fiberoptic intubation. Target-controlled infusion is more reliable technique for maintaining optimal infusion rate than manual controlled infusion. The aim of this study is to determine the effect site concentration of remifentanil for successful conscious sedation during awake nasotracheal fiberoptic intubation.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients undergoing cervical spine surgery
• Age 20-65
• American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification I or II

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients' refusal
• allergy to any drug used
• unable to cooperate
• Severe hepatic or renal disease
• coagulation disorder
• chronic use of opioids or sedatives
• increase risk of pulmonary aspiration.