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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) | OTHER_GOV |
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Menopause is characterized by a decrease of estrogen and progesterone levels and is associated with various changes in body composition, including an accumulation of total fat mass, a relocation of adiposity to the abdomen, deterioration of plasma lipid profile, increased risk of type 2 diabetes, and increased oxidative stress. Taken together, these changes increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Physical activity and hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) have been shown to act in synergy to improve total fat mass in postmenopausal (PM) women. Because the progesterone component of HRT has been associated with an increased CVD risk in older women with a family history of CVD, the use of HRT has become controversial. As a result, a large decrease of the use of HRT in the community has been observed and postmenopausal women (PM) have developed interest in alternative therapies. Among the possibilities, phytoestrogens have shown beneficial effects on menopausal symptoms and plasma lipids. Phytoestrogens are structurally and functionally similar to estradiol (the major estrogen in humans) but found only in plants such as soybean isoflavones. They do not exert any effect on breast cancer or/and endometrial tissue.
AIMS To examine the effects of phytoestrogens, exercise and the combination of both on lean body mass, total fat mass, visceral fat, blood lipid profile, oxidative stress markers, antioxidant system, glucose metabolism, and sex-hormone levels in obese PM women.
HYPOTHESES Women undergoing a combination of phytoestrogen treatment and an exercise program will display a greater increase in lean body mass, decrease in total and visceral fat mass, improvements in blood lipid profile, decrease in oxidative stress markers, increase in antioxidant system, improvement in glucose metabolism, and increase in sex-hormone levels than those submitted to any or one of the treatments.
A total of 120 women will be recruited. There will be 4 groups (30 women/group) undergoing exercise or not and supplemented with phytoestrogens or a placebo. The intervention is planned to last 12 mo. Key variables will be measured at baseline, and after 6 and 12 mo of intervention.
Three weekly 1h-sessions of exercise will be held on 3 non-consecutive days. The phytoestrogen supplements will consist of 70 mg/d of soy isoflavones taken as 4 caps/day.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placeco + exercise | Active Comparator | Placebo (no phytoestrogen): Non-active capsules of the same size and appearance than phytoestrogens capsules will be used as a placebo (same posology, i.e. 4 caps/day) Exercise (three 1h-sessions/week) |
|
| Phytoestrogens without exercise | Active Comparator | Phytoestrogens (70mg/day of soy isoflavone) Without exercise (no structured exercise session) |
|
| Phytoestrogens + exercise | Experimental | Phytoestrogens (70 mg/day soy isoflavone) Exercise (1h-sessions 3 times/week) |
|
| Placebo without exercise | No Intervention | Placebo: Non-active capsules of the same size and appearance than phytoestrogens capsules will be used as a placebo (same posology, i.e. 4 caps/day) No exercise |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo + exercise | Behavioral | Placebo: Non-active capsules of the same size and appearance than phytoestrogens capsules will be used as a placebo (same posology, i.e. 4 caps/day) Exercise intervention: Three weekly 1h-sessions will be held on 3 non-consecutive days. Each session comprises a total of 60 min of aerobic exercise (on an ergometer device) and resistance exercise (with elastic bands, free weights, exercise ball, etc.), and a 5-min cool down. Cues regarding exercise intensity will be offered to maintain intensity in a range of 60 to 80% of maximal heart rate (with the use of a target pulse, etc.). The exercise sessions will be led by a physical activity specialist. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Body Composition: Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry Method | Baseline | |
| Plasma Lipid Profile: the Apolipoproteins (Apo-AI, Apo-AII, Apo-B), Cholesterol HDL, LDL and Triglycerides Levels Will be Determined by Clinical Analyses of Blood Sample (Obtained After 12 h Fasting State) | Baseline | |
| Glucose Metabolism: 2h-75g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) + Plasma Insulin and Glucose Concentrations (Blood Sample Analysis). | Baseline | |
| Markers of Oxidative Stress: Conjugated Diene Formation, Malondialdehyde, Alpha-tocopherol and Its Oxidised Form Alpha-tocopheryl Quinone. TAS Constitutes the Most Reliable Method for the Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Vivo. | Baseline | |
| Quality of Life: Assessed With Questionnaires (SF-36 (General Health Perceptions), Kupperman Index, Perceived Stress Scale. | Baseline | |
| Plasma Fibrinogen Levels Measured With Luminescence. | Baseline | |
| Body Composition: Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry Method | 6 months | |
| Body Composition: Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry Method | 12 months | |
| Plasma Lipid Profile: the Apolipoproteins (Apo-AI, Apo-AII, Apo-B), Cholesterol HDL, LDL and Triglycerides Levels Will be Determined by Clinical Analyses of Blood Sample (Obtained After 12 h Fasting State) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Dietary Intakes: 3-days Food Record. Dietary Analyses Will be Completed Using the Nutifiq Software (Université Laval) | 0, 6 and 12 months | |
| Physical Activity Level: Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) | 0, 6 and 12 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Isabelle J Dionne, Ph.D. | Université de Sherbrooke | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Centre de recherche sur le vieillissement du CSSS-IUGS | Sherbrooke | Quebec | J1H 4C4 | Canada |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18788990 | Background | Aubertin-Leheudre M, Lord C, Khalil A, Dionne IJ. Isoflavones and clinical cardiovascular risk factors in obese postmenopausal women: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2008 Oct;17(8):1363-9. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2008.0836. | |
| Background | Choquette, S., D.-A. Lalancette, et al. (2009). Soy Isoflavones and Exercise: Possible Benefits for Postmenopausal Women's Cardiovascular Health. Current Women's Health Reviews 5(2): 56-62. | ||
| 17311051 |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Placeco + Exercise | Placebo (no phytoestrogen) Exercise (three 1h-sessions/week) Placebo + exercise: Placebo: Non-active capsules of the same size and appearance than phytoestrogens capsules will be used as a placebo (same posology, i.e. 4 caps/day) Exercise intervention: Three weekly 1h-sessions will be held on 3 non-consecutive days. Each session comprises a total of 60 min of aerobic exercise (on an ergometer device) and resistance exercise (with elastic bands, free weights, exercise ball, etc.), and a 5-min cool down. Cues regarding exercise intensity will be offered to maintain intensity in a range of 60 to 80% of maximal heart rate (with the use of a target pulse, etc.). The exercise sessions will be led by a physical activity specialist. |
| FG001 | Phytoestrogens Without Exercise | Phytoestrogens (70mg/day of soy isoflavone) Without exercise (no structured exercise session) Phytoestrogens without exercise: Phytoestrogens: The phytoestrogen supplements will consist of 70 mg/day of soy isoflavones taken as 4 caps/day. More specifically, the daily dose of isoflavones contains 44 mg of diadzein, 16 mg of glycitein and 10 mg of genestein extracted from natural soy. Without exercise: participants will be asked to do only their usual activities without being involved in any kind of structured exercise sessions. |
| FG002 | Phytoestrogens + Exercise | Phytoestrogens (70 mg/day soy isoflavone) Exercise (1h-sessions 3 times/week) Phytoestrogens + exercise: Phytoestrogens: The phytoestrogen supplements will consist of 70 mg/day of soy isoflavones taken as 4 caps/day. More specifically, the daily dose of isoflavones contains 44 mg of diadzein, 16 mg of glycitein and 10 mg of genestein extracted from natural soy. Exercise intervention: Three weekly 1h-sessions will be held on 3 non-consecutive days. Each session comprises a total of 60 min of aerobic exercise (on an ergometer device) and resistance exercise (with elastic bands, free weights, exercise ball, etc.), and a 5-min cool down. Cues regarding exercise intensity will be offered to maintain intensity in a range of 60 to 80% of maximal heart rate (with the use of a target pulse, etc.). The exercise sessions will be led by a physical activity specialist. |
| FG003 | Placebo Without Exercise | Placebo (no phytoestrogens) Without exercise (no structured exercise session) Placebo: Non-active capsules of the same size and appearance than phytoestrogens capsules will be used as a placebo (same posology, i.e. 4 caps/day). |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
Healthy overweight to obese postmenopausal women.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Placeco + Exercise | Placebo (no phytoestrogen) Exercise (three 1h-sessions/week) Placebo + exercise: Placebo: Non-active capsules of the same size and appearance than phytoestrogens capsules will be used as a placebo (same posology, i.e. 4 caps/day) Exercise intervention: Three weekly 1h-sessions will be held on 3 non-consecutive days. Each session comprises a total of 60 min of aerobic exercise (on an ergometer device) and resistance exercise (with elastic bands, free weights, exercise ball, etc.), and a 5-min cool down. Cues regarding exercise intensity will be offered to maintain intensity in a range of 60 to 80% of maximal heart rate (with the use of a target pulse, etc.). The exercise sessions will be led by a physical activity specialist. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Body Composition: Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry Method | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | percent of total fat mass | Baseline |
|
Adverse event data were collected during 12 months.
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Placeco + Exercise | Placebo (no phytoestrogen) Exercise (three 1h-sessions/week) Placebo + exercise: Placebo: Non-active capsules of the same size and appearance than phytoestrogens capsules will be used as a placebo (same posology, i.e. 4 caps/day) Exercise intervention: Three weekly 1h-sessions will be held on 3 non-consecutive days. Each session comprises a total of 60 min of aerobic exercise (on an ergometer device) and resistance exercise (with elastic bands, free weights, exercise ball, etc.), and a 5-min cool down. Cues regarding exercise intensity will be offered to maintain intensity in a range of 60 to 80% of maximal heart rate (with the use of a target pulse, etc.). The exercise sessions will be led by a physical activity specialist. |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pr Isabelle Dionne, Ph.D., vice-dean to research and graduate studies | Université de Sherbrooke | 1-819-821-8000 | 63327 | isabelle.dionne@usherbrooke.ca |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
Not provided
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015444 | Exercise |
| D048789 | Phytoestrogens |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
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|
| Phytoestrogens without exercise | Dietary Supplement | Phytoestrogens: The phytoestrogen supplements will consist of 70 mg/day of soy isoflavones taken as 4 caps/day. More specifically, the daily dose of isoflavones contains 44 mg of diadzein, 16 mg of glycitein and 10 mg of genestein extracted from natural soy. Without exercise: participants will be asked to do only their usual activities without being involved in any kind of structured exercise sessions. |
|
| Phytoestrogens + exercise | Other | Phytoestrogens: The phytoestrogen supplements will consist of 70 mg/day of soy isoflavones taken as 4 caps/day. More specifically, the daily dose of isoflavones contains 44 mg of diadzein, 16 mg of glycitein and 10 mg of genestein extracted from natural soy. Exercise intervention: Three weekly 1h-sessions will be held on 3 non-consecutive days. Each session comprises a total of 60 min of aerobic exercise (on an ergometer device) and resistance exercise (with elastic bands, free weights, exercise ball, etc.), and a 5-min cool down. Cues regarding exercise intensity will be offered to maintain intensity in a range of 60 to 80% of maximal heart rate (with the use of a target pulse, etc.). The exercise sessions will be led by a physical activity specialist. |
|
| 6 months |
| Plasma Lipid Profile: the Apolipoproteins (Apo-AI, Apo-AII, Apo-B), Cholesterol HDL, LDL and Triglycerides Levels Will be Determined by Clinical Analyses of Blood Sample (Obtained After 12 h Fasting State) | 12 months |
| Glucose Metabolism: 2h-75g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) + Plasma Insulin and Glucose Concentrations (Blood Sample Analysis). | 6 months |
| Glucose Metabolism: 2h-75g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) + Plasma Insulin and Glucose Concentrations (Blood Sample Analysis). | 12 months |
| Markers of Oxidative Stress: Conjugated Diene Formation, Malondialdehyde, Alpha-tocopherol and Its Oxidised Form Alpha-tocopheryl Quinone. TAS Constitutes the Most Reliable Method for the Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Vivo. | 6 months |
| Markers of Oxidative Stress: Conjugated Diene Formation, Malondialdehyde, Alpha-tocopherol and Its Oxidised Form Alpha-tocopheryl Quinone. TAS Constitutes the Most Reliable Method for the Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Vivo. | 12 months |
| Sex-hormone Levels. Estradiol, Estrone, Progesterone, Testosterone and SHBG Will be Obtained by Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA) | Baseline |
| Sex-hormone Levels. Estradiol, Estrone, Progesterone, Testosterone and SHBG Will be Obtained by Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA) | 6 months |
| Sex-hormone Levels. Estradiol, Estrone, Progesterone, Testosterone and SHBG Will be Obtained by Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA) | 12 months |
| Quality of Life: Assessed With Questionnaires (SF-36 (General Health Perceptions), Kupperman Index, Perceived Stress Scale | 6 months |
| Quality of Life: Assessed With Questionnaires (SF-36 (General Health Perceptions), Kupperman Index, Perceived Stress Scale | 12 months |
| Plasma Fibrinogen Levels Measured With Luminescence. | 6 months |
| Plasma Fibrinogen Levels Measured With Luminescence. | 12 months |
| Plasma Isoflavones (Diadzein) - a Marker of Phytoestrogen Compliance - Will be Measured by the ELISA Method | 0, 6 and 12 months |
| Metabolic Rate at Rest: During 30 Minutes With a Breathing Mask by Indirect Calorimetry (CCM/D, Medgraphics Corp, St-Paul, MN, USA) After a 12-hour Fast, in the Early Morning. | 0, 6 and 12 months |
| Maximal Oxygen Uptake Measured Using a Continuous, Incremental Protocol (Balke Modified Protocol) on a Treadmill With a Breathing Mask by Indirect Calorimetry (CCM/D, Medgraphics Corp, St-Paul, MN, USA). | 0 and 12 months |
| Physical Capacity: 3 Tests From the Senior Fitness Test (Chair Stand Test, Chair Sit-and-Reach Test, Back Scratch Test) + Handgrip Strength Test (Lafayette Hand Dynamometer, Indiana) | 0, 6 and 12 months |
| Background |
| Aubertin-Leheudre M, Lord C, Khalil A, Dionne IJ. Six months of isoflavone supplement increases fat-free mass in obese-sarcopenic postmenopausal women: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007 Dec;61(12):1442-4. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602695. Epub 2007 Feb 21. |
| 17290158 | Background | Aubertin-Leheudre M, Lord C, Khalil A, Dionne IJ. Effect of 6 months of exercise and isoflavone supplementation on clinical cardiovascular risk factors in obese postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind study. Menopause. 2007 Jul-Aug;14(4):624-9. doi: 10.1097/gme.0b013e31802e426b. |
| 22947543 | Result | Lebon J, Aubertin-Leheudre M, Bobeuf F, Lord C, Labonte M, Dionne IJ. Is a small muscle mass index really detrimental for insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women of various body composition status? J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2012 Sep;12(3):116-26. |
| 22530610 | Result | Barsalani R, Riesco E, Lavoie JM, Dionne IJ. Effect of exercise training and isoflavones on hepatic steatosis in overweight postmenopausal women. Climacteric. 2013 Feb;16(1):88-95. doi: 10.3109/13697137.2012.662251. Epub 2012 Apr 24. |
| 22338607 | Result | Choquette S, Dion T, Brochu M, Dionne IJ. Soy isoflavones and exercise to improve physical capacity in postmenopausal women. Climacteric. 2013 Feb;16(1):70-7. doi: 10.3109/13697137.2011.643515. Epub 2012 Feb 16. |
| 21864865 | Result | Riesco E, Choquette S, Audet M, Lebon J, Tessier D, Dionne IJ. Effect of exercise training combined with phytoestrogens on adipokines and C-reactive protein in postmenopausal women: a randomized trial. Metabolism. 2012 Feb;61(2):273-80. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2011.06.025. Epub 2011 Aug 23. |
| 21864137 | Result | Riesco E, Choquette S, Audet M, Tessier D, Dionne IJ. Effect of exercise combined with phytoestrogens on quality of life in postmenopausal women. Climacteric. 2011 Oct;14(5):573-80. doi: 10.3109/13697137.2011.566652. Epub 2011 Aug 24. |
| 20539245 | Result | Riesco E, Aubertin-Leheudre M, Maltais ML, Audet M, Dionne IJ. Synergic effect of phytoestrogens and exercise training on cardiovascular risk profile in exercise-responder postmenopausal women: a pilot study. Menopause. 2010 Sep-Oct;17(5):1035-9. doi: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181da7915. |
| 33651744 | Derived | Ghachem A, Marcotte-Chenard A, Tremblay D, Prud'homme D, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Riesco E, Brochu M, Dionne IJ. Obesity among postmenopausal women: what is the best anthropometric index to assess adiposity and success of weight-loss intervention? Menopause. 2021 Mar 1;28(6):678-685. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000001754. |
| 27326819 | Derived | Myette-Cote E, Archambault-Therrien C, Brochu M, Dionne IJ, Riesco E. Physical fitness improvement in overweight postmenopausal women who do not lose fat mass in response to exercise training. Menopause. 2016 Oct;23(10):1122-9. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000000677. |
| 21205384 | Derived | Choquette S, Riesco E, Cormier E, Dion T, Aubertin-Leheudre M, Dionne IJ. Effects of soya isoflavones and exercise on body composition and clinical risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in overweight postmenopausal women: a 6-month double-blind controlled trial. Br J Nutr. 2011 Apr;105(8):1199-209. doi: 10.1017/S0007114510004897. Epub 2010 Dec 17. |
| BG001 | Phytoestrogens Without Exercise | Phytoestrogens (70mg/day of soy isoflavone) Without exercise (no structured exercise session) Phytoestrogens without exercise: Phytoestrogens: The phytoestrogen supplements will consist of 70 mg/day of soy isoflavones taken as 4 caps/day. More specifically, the daily dose of isoflavones contains 44 mg of diadzein, 16 mg of glycitein and 10 mg of genestein extracted from natural soy. Without exercise: participants will be asked to do only their usual activities without being involved in any kind of structured exercise sessions. |
| BG002 | Phytoestrogens + Exercise | Phytoestrogens (70 mg/day soy isoflavone) Exercise (1h-sessions 3 times/week) Phytoestrogens + exercise: Phytoestrogens: The phytoestrogen supplements will consist of 70 mg/day of soy isoflavones taken as 4 caps/day. More specifically, the daily dose of isoflavones contains 44 mg of diadzein, 16 mg of glycitein and 10 mg of genestein extracted from natural soy. Exercise intervention: Three weekly 1h-sessions will be held on 3 non-consecutive days. Each session comprises a total of 60 min of aerobic exercise (on an ergometer device) and resistance exercise (with elastic bands, free weights, exercise ball, etc.), and a 5-min cool down. Cues regarding exercise intensity will be offered to maintain intensity in a range of 60 to 80% of maximal heart rate (with the use of a target pulse, etc.). The exercise sessions will be led by a physical activity specialist. |
| BG003 | Placebo Without Exercise | Placebo (no phytoestrogens) Without exercise (no structured exercise session) Placebo: Non-active capsules of the same size and appearance than phytoestrogens capsules will be used as a placebo (same posology, i.e. 4 caps/day). |
| BG004 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
|
| Body Mass Index | Mean | Standard Deviation | kg/m2 |
|
| Phytoestrogens Without Exercise |
Phytoestrogens (70mg/day of soy isoflavone) Without exercise (no structured exercise session) Phytoestrogens without exercise: Phytoestrogens: The phytoestrogen supplements will consist of 70 mg/day of soy isoflavones taken as 4 caps/day. More specifically, the daily dose of isoflavones contains 44 mg of diadzein, 16 mg of glycitein and 10 mg of genestein extracted from natural soy. Without exercise: participants will be asked to do only their usual activities without being involved in any kind of structured exercise sessions. |
| OG002 | Phytoestrogens + Exercise | Phytoestrogens (70 mg/day soy isoflavone) Exercise (1h-sessions 3 times/week) Phytoestrogens + exercise: Phytoestrogens: The phytoestrogen supplements will consist of 70 mg/day of soy isoflavones taken as 4 caps/day. More specifically, the daily dose of isoflavones contains 44 mg of diadzein, 16 mg of glycitein and 10 mg of genestein extracted from natural soy. Exercise intervention: Three weekly 1h-sessions will be held on 3 non-consecutive days. Each session comprises a total of 60 min of aerobic exercise (on an ergometer device) and resistance exercise (with elastic bands, free weights, exercise ball, etc.), and a 5-min cool down. Cues regarding exercise intensity will be offered to maintain intensity in a range of 60 to 80% of maximal heart rate (with the use of a target pulse, etc.). The exercise sessions will be led by a physical activity specialist. |
| OG003 | Placebo Without Exercise | Placebo (no phytoestrogens) Without exercise (no structured exercise session) Placebo: Non-active capsules of the same size and appearance than phytoestrogens capsules will be used as a placebo (same posology, i.e. 4 caps/day). |
|
|
| Primary | Plasma Lipid Profile: the Apolipoproteins (Apo-AI, Apo-AII, Apo-B), Cholesterol HDL, LDL and Triglycerides Levels Will be Determined by Clinical Analyses of Blood Sample (Obtained After 12 h Fasting State) | Not Posted | Baseline |
| Primary | Glucose Metabolism: 2h-75g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) + Plasma Insulin and Glucose Concentrations (Blood Sample Analysis). | Not Posted | Baseline |
| Primary | Markers of Oxidative Stress: Conjugated Diene Formation, Malondialdehyde, Alpha-tocopherol and Its Oxidised Form Alpha-tocopheryl Quinone. TAS Constitutes the Most Reliable Method for the Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Vivo. | Not Posted | Baseline |
| Primary | Quality of Life: Assessed With Questionnaires (SF-36 (General Health Perceptions), Kupperman Index, Perceived Stress Scale. | Not Posted | Baseline |
| Primary | Plasma Fibrinogen Levels Measured With Luminescence. | Not Posted | Baseline |
| Primary | Body Composition: Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry Method | Not Posted | 6 months |
| Primary | Body Composition: Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry Method | Not Posted | 12 months |
| Primary | Plasma Lipid Profile: the Apolipoproteins (Apo-AI, Apo-AII, Apo-B), Cholesterol HDL, LDL and Triglycerides Levels Will be Determined by Clinical Analyses of Blood Sample (Obtained After 12 h Fasting State) | Not Posted | 6 months |
| Primary | Plasma Lipid Profile: the Apolipoproteins (Apo-AI, Apo-AII, Apo-B), Cholesterol HDL, LDL and Triglycerides Levels Will be Determined by Clinical Analyses of Blood Sample (Obtained After 12 h Fasting State) | Not Posted | 12 months |
| Primary | Glucose Metabolism: 2h-75g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) + Plasma Insulin and Glucose Concentrations (Blood Sample Analysis). | Not Posted | 6 months |
| Primary | Glucose Metabolism: 2h-75g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) + Plasma Insulin and Glucose Concentrations (Blood Sample Analysis). | Not Posted | 12 months |
| Primary | Markers of Oxidative Stress: Conjugated Diene Formation, Malondialdehyde, Alpha-tocopherol and Its Oxidised Form Alpha-tocopheryl Quinone. TAS Constitutes the Most Reliable Method for the Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Vivo. | Not Posted | 6 months |
| Primary | Markers of Oxidative Stress: Conjugated Diene Formation, Malondialdehyde, Alpha-tocopherol and Its Oxidised Form Alpha-tocopheryl Quinone. TAS Constitutes the Most Reliable Method for the Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Vivo. | Not Posted | 12 months |
| Primary | Sex-hormone Levels. Estradiol, Estrone, Progesterone, Testosterone and SHBG Will be Obtained by Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA) | Not Posted | Baseline |
| Primary | Sex-hormone Levels. Estradiol, Estrone, Progesterone, Testosterone and SHBG Will be Obtained by Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA) | Not Posted | 6 months |
| Primary | Sex-hormone Levels. Estradiol, Estrone, Progesterone, Testosterone and SHBG Will be Obtained by Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA) | Not Posted | 12 months |
| Primary | Quality of Life: Assessed With Questionnaires (SF-36 (General Health Perceptions), Kupperman Index, Perceived Stress Scale | Not Posted | 6 months |
| Primary | Quality of Life: Assessed With Questionnaires (SF-36 (General Health Perceptions), Kupperman Index, Perceived Stress Scale | Not Posted | 12 months |
| Primary | Plasma Fibrinogen Levels Measured With Luminescence. | Not Posted | 6 months |
| Primary | Plasma Fibrinogen Levels Measured With Luminescence. | Not Posted | 12 months |
| Secondary | Dietary Intakes: 3-days Food Record. Dietary Analyses Will be Completed Using the Nutifiq Software (Université Laval) | Not Posted | 0, 6 and 12 months |
| Secondary | Physical Activity Level: Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) | Not Posted | 0, 6 and 12 months |
| Secondary | Plasma Isoflavones (Diadzein) - a Marker of Phytoestrogen Compliance - Will be Measured by the ELISA Method | Not Posted | 0, 6 and 12 months |
| Secondary | Metabolic Rate at Rest: During 30 Minutes With a Breathing Mask by Indirect Calorimetry (CCM/D, Medgraphics Corp, St-Paul, MN, USA) After a 12-hour Fast, in the Early Morning. | Not Posted | 0, 6 and 12 months |
| Secondary | Maximal Oxygen Uptake Measured Using a Continuous, Incremental Protocol (Balke Modified Protocol) on a Treadmill With a Breathing Mask by Indirect Calorimetry (CCM/D, Medgraphics Corp, St-Paul, MN, USA). | Not Posted | 0 and 12 months |
| Secondary | Physical Capacity: 3 Tests From the Senior Fitness Test (Chair Stand Test, Chair Sit-and-Reach Test, Back Scratch Test) + Handgrip Strength Test (Lafayette Hand Dynamometer, Indiana) | Not Posted | 0, 6 and 12 months |
| 0 |
| 28 |
| 0 |
| 28 |
| EG001 | Phytoestrogens Without Exercise | Phytoestrogens (70mg/day of soy isoflavone) Without exercise (no structured exercise session) Phytoestrogens without exercise: Phytoestrogens: The phytoestrogen supplements will consist of 70 mg/day of soy isoflavones taken as 4 caps/day. More specifically, the daily dose of isoflavones contains 44 mg of diadzein, 16 mg of glycitein and 10 mg of genestein extracted from natural soy. Without exercise: participants will be asked to do only their usual activities without being involved in any kind of structured exercise sessions. | 0 | 15 | 0 | 15 |
| EG002 | Phytoestrogens + Exercise | Phytoestrogens (70 mg/day soy isoflavone) Exercise (1h-sessions 3 times/week) Phytoestrogens + exercise: Phytoestrogens: The phytoestrogen supplements will consist of 70 mg/day of soy isoflavones taken as 4 caps/day. More specifically, the daily dose of isoflavones contains 44 mg of diadzein, 16 mg of glycitein and 10 mg of genestein extracted from natural soy. Exercise intervention: Three weekly 1h-sessions will be held on 3 non-consecutive days. Each session comprises a total of 60 min of aerobic exercise (on an ergometer device) and resistance exercise (with elastic bands, free weights, exercise ball, etc.), and a 5-min cool down. Cues regarding exercise intensity will be offered to maintain intensity in a range of 60 to 80% of maximal heart rate (with the use of a target pulse, etc.). The exercise sessions will be led by a physical activity specialist. | 0 | 26 | 0 | 26 |
| EG003 | Placebo Without Exercise | Placebo (no phytoestrogens) Without exercise (no structured exercise session) Placebo: Non-active capsules of the same size and appearance than phytoestrogens capsules will be used as a placebo (same posology, i.e. 4 caps/day). | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
Not provided
Not provided
| D012816 |
| Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D004968 | Estrogens, Non-Steroidal |
| D004967 | Estrogens |
| D006728 | Hormones |
| D006730 | Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists |
| D045505 | Physiological Effects of Drugs |
| D020228 | Pharmacologic Actions |
| D020164 | Chemical Actions and Uses |