The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a recruitment maneuver immediately after intubation in hypoxemic patients.

In the intensive care unit (ICU), acute respiratory failure is a common problem. Airway management in critically ill patients usually requires endotracheal intubation after rapid sequence induction. Induction of anesthesia is a well known cause of dramatic changes in respiratory mechanics and gas exchange. Moreover, when the intubation is for respiratory failure, the underlying pathology increases these modifications. The reduction in lung volume results in a deep hypoxemia after intubation. Moreover, mechanical ventilation applied on a collapsed lung increases the risk of ventilator induced lung injury. Recruitment maneuver, which consists of a transient increased in inspiratory pressure, decreases anesthesia-induced lung collapse and hypoxemia. During early acute respiratory failure, RM increases oxygenation and lung volume and may reduce lung oedema. Some authors have suggested the potential benefit of an early RM after induction of anesthesia in operating room. To date, no study has evaluated the short term effect of a recruitment maneuver performed early after intubation in critically ill patients. Therefore, our aim was to ascertain whether RM, performed immediately after intubation, is safe and more effective at reducing hypoxemia than usual management, in hypoxemic patients requiring intubation for invasive ventilation in the ICU.

Inclusion Criteria:

• adults who met acute respiratory failure requiring intubation
• adults who met hypoxemia, defined by a PaO2 less than 100 mm Hg under a high FiO2 mask driven by at least 10 L/min oxygen.

Exclusion Criteria:

• encephalopathy
• coma
• cardiac resuscitation
• hyperkaliemia (>5.5 mEq/L)
• acute brain injury and recent thoracic surgery