The sponsor is currently focusing on different indications

The purpose of this study is to determine whether addition of AS101 to the standard chemotherapy regimen is effective in the treatment of newly diagnosed elderly (≥60) AML patients and AML transformed myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients.

AML patients frequently develop cytopenia, which can result in life-threatening bleeding and infections. Despite the administration of prophylactic platelet transfusions, these patients remain at risk of clinically significant hemorrhage. There is a growing need for new, innovative strategies, because the outcome for AML patients, particularly for the older ones, has not substantially changed in the last three decades. Thus, novel compounds to target the tumor cell's resistance to chemotherapeutic agents are essential for the improvement of patients' prognoses. AS101 is a non-toxic, organic, tellurium-based small compound with immunomodulating properties which have previously shown bone marrow sparing effect. In addition in preclinical studies AS101 has shown synergistic effect with several cytotoxic drugs. This study will investigate the safety and efficacy of AS101 formulation in combination with the standard therapy for newly diagnosed elderly AML and AML transformed MDS patients.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Confirmed diagnosis of primary AML or AML transformed myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with FAB classification other than M3 as proven by bone marrow aspiration.
• Age ≥60 years.
• ECOG performance status of 0-2 (Karnofsky >60%).
• Adequate renal functions: Serum Creatinine < 2 times the upper limit of normal (ULN).
• Adequate hepatic function: serum AST and ALT ≤ 3 x ULN.
• Patients with reproductive potential must use an effective contraceptive method through the study. Patients must receive contraceptive and/or fertility counseling prior to entering the study, i.e., information on sperm banking, etc.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients receiving any other investigational agents.
• Symptomatic CNS involvement.
• History of pancreatitis or active alcohol abuse.
• Histologic diagnosis of FAB M3 AML.
• Life expectancy of less than 1 month.
• Patient receives Myelotarg (ozogamicin gemtuzumab).
• Use of hematopoietic growth factors such as G-CSF within 1 week prior to treatment initiation.
• Pregnant or lactating females.
• Patient has known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or known HIV-related malignancy; Patient has active hepatitis A, B or C infection.
• Active, uncontrolled, systemic infection considered opportunistic, life threatening, or of clinical significance at the time of treatment, or any severe concurrent disease which, in the opinion of the investigator, would make the patient inappropriate for trial entry.
• The patient has had congestive heart failure - New York Heart Association (CHF-NYHA) grade II or higher, and/or myocardial infarction within the last 12 months, or any cardiac disorder which, in the opinion of the Investigator, could put the patient at risk of clinically relevant arrhythmia.