This is a prospective, randomized study of two types of continent ileal neobladder construction in patients undergoing cystectomy for primary bladder cancer. Patients will be randomly assigned to have either a T-pouch or a Studer pouch constructed at the time of their surgery. They will be followed long-term to determine the relative advantages and disadvantages of the two types of diversion. The investigators' hypothesis is that the inclusion of an antireflux mechanism in the T-pouch will result in significantly fewer episodes of symptomatic urinary tract infection, and will have a lower incidence of upper tract dilation and loss of renal function over the long term.

Inclusion Criteria:

• All patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer who are considered candidates for a neobladder reconstruction are eligible for enrollment.
• Diagnosed with primary bladder cancer (any histology).
• Scheduled to undergo a radical cystectomy (cystoprostatectomy in men and anterior exenteration in women).
• Felt by the treating physician to be a candidate for an orthotopic neobladder urinary diversion.
• Be competent and willing to sign the informed consent.
• Patients may have received previous radiation therapy or intravesical or systemic chemotherapy. Patients with documented metastatic disease are not excluded as long as they are felt to be candidates for a continent neobladder urinary diversion.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients undergoing radical cystectomy for any malignancy other than primary bladder cancer (for example prostate cancer or colon cancer invading the bladder,or a gynecologic malignancy), or non-malignant disease (such as a neurogenic bladder or radiation cystitis).
• Unwilling or unable to sign the informed consent.
• Not eligible for an orthotopic neobladder reconstruction.
• A history of other malignancy (except for stage I cancer treated with curative intent without evidence of recurrence, clinically localized prostate cancer either untreated or treated with prostatectomy or radiation therapy or hormone therapy,or non-melanoma skin cancer) within the previous 5 years.