The purpose of the study is to determine whether or not surgical decompression of the common peroneal, tibial, and deep peroneal nerves in the legs of persons with diabetic peripheral neuropathy is effective treatment.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age >18 years
• Presence of Type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus (fasting plasma glucose > 7 mmol/L or casual plasma glucose > 11.1 mmol/L and symptoms of diabetes or a 2hr plasma glucose in a 75g oral glucose tolerance test > 11.1 mmol/L)
• Symptoms of paresthesias (including burning pain) or numbness present symmetrically in both feet, determined to be on a peripheral nerve basis
• Total Neuropathy score of ≥ 2 based on symptoms, signs, and nerve conduction study abnormality
• Average pain on Likert scale (range 0 - 10) ≥5
• Good diabetic control with Hgb A1C < 8
• Presence of Tinel's sign at the Tarsal Tunnel
• Possession of valid Ontario Hospital Insurance Plan (OHIP) coverage

Exclusion Criteria:

• Other types of diabetes mellitus (gestational, drug-induced, etc.)
• Other cause of neuropathy than diabetes such as vasculitis, amyloidosis, toxic neuropathy, HIV, renal failure, alcohol abuse, etc. Pure entrapment neuropathy without evidence of DSP
• Symptomatic lumbosacral spine disease
• Symptomatic lower extremity vascular disease
• Previous foot ulceration or amputation. Other contraindications to surgery such as significant ankle edema, venous stasis, morbid obesity, or previous surgery/injury which would be incompatible with appropriate wound healing
• History of Peripheral Arterial Disease
• HbA1c > 8.0 - Adults lacking capacity to consent, pregnant women, prisoners, non-English speakers who require an interpreter, and those unwilling or unable to participate in the full study follow-up