Ultrasound scanning of the back has been shown to increase success when used to guide epidural catheter insertion. However, this technique is not applied widely in clinical practice. Stronger evidence is required to prove that it will improve the clinical experience of labour epidurals.

The study hypothesis is that anesthesiologists (both residents and fellows), will have an increased rate of success and ease of insertion of labour epidural catheters, and that there will be increased patient satisfaction, if ultrasound scanning of the lumbar spine is done prior to the procedure.

Studies have shown that ultrasound scanning of the lumbar spine is beneficial in certain circumstances (eg. predicted difficult epidurals). However, no large scale studies with multiple anesthesiologists performing the technique have been done to show that ultrasound scanning may be of benefit in their everyday clinical practice.

This study will involve residents and fellows, each performing epidural insertions with and without the use of ultrasound scanning of the lumbar spine prior to the procedure. If the hypothesis is correct, then the use of this technique may become widespread, resulting in less complications and increased patients satisfaction.

For Patients:

Inclusion Criteria:

• ability to Speak in English
• requesting epidural analgesia for labour
• having easily palpable spine (clinically 'easy' back)

Exclusion Criteria:

• contraindications to epidural analgesia
• patients with a history of difficult epidural insertions or spinal anesthetic
• Patients with a known history of back surgery
• patients with known significant kyph0scoliosis

For Anesthesiologists:

Inclusion Criteria:

• Residents and fellows training or practicing at Mount Sinai hospital and enrolled in either a residency or fellowship program at the University of Toronto.