Funds needed to carry on the project were not secured.

Awake craniotomy for removal of brain tumour is performed because the tumour may be located close to areas of the brain that control specific functions such as movement or speech. Local anaesthesia (freezing) and sedation are required to make the patient comfortable and free of pain, but also to be able to cooperate for testing of brain function (speaking, moving) in order to preserve these areas while removing the brain tumour. The patient will be administered routine anesthetic drugs (sedatives (propofol) and pain killers (remifentanil)). The amount of sedation and analgesia (pain killer) is individually tailored to each patient as each person has different requirements. The usual way to give these medications is by the anesthesiologist assessing pain level, watching the patient and monitoring blood pressure and heart rate. Another way to give this medication is now available. This is with a special device, known as a patient-controlled analgesia pump (PCA). This device allows the patient to push a button to give pain medicine through an intravenous line and is frequently used for pain treatment after surgery and for other types of procedures. This device may be helpful during awake craniotomy, as it would allow patient-controlled administration of pain medicine and relaxing medicine whenever required. The amount of medication can be increased by more presses of the pump. At all times during the operation, the anesthesiologist will monitor the patient.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Adult patients more than 18 years of age
2. ASA I, II or III
3. Scheduled to undergo awake craniotomy for elective supratentorial tumor resection.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. patients with allergy to the drugs being used.
2. patients at risk for pulmonary aspiration eg patients with history of GERD, gastroparesis (eg diabetic) and obesity.
3. patients with BMI 35 or above
4. patients with severe cardiovascular or respiratory diseases (ASA IV or higher).
5. patients who are pregnant.
6. patients with alcohol or substance abuse.
7. patients who could not understand the concept of PCSA.
8. patients who do not understand and are unable to follow instructions for the study due to a language barrier
9. lack of informed consent.