Patients will be randomized to 14 day intervention of broccoli sprout extract and mango juice consisting of a dose of 100 µmols of sulforaphane dissolved in 150 mL mango juice once a day.

Patients will be randomized to 14 day intervention of 150 mL mango juice without broccoli sprout extract extract once a day.

100 µmols of sulforaphane (dissolvable)

Pathologists score the slides without knowledge of treatment assignment at the end of the study. All pre-post samples from one individual will be evaluated together. Quality control for these stains is performed routinely in the immunohistochemistry lab (using lymphoid tissue for Ki67). Initial scoring is performed where possible on a minimum of 3000 cells, by counting the number of positive cells divided by the total number of cells. DCIS lesions will be scored separately to adjacent normal tissue. The rationale for selecting Ki67 as a measure of cellular proliferation includes the robustness of the staining reaction, correlation with the S phase fraction of the cell cycle and mitotic index and that it can be successfully ascertained from core breast biopsies provided there is an adequate yield of epithelial cells. A negative value reflects a decrease in ki67 positive cells, therefore a decrease in cellular proliferation.

Phase II protein expression of cytoprotective enzymes known to be modulated by sulforaphane in DCIS specimens.

Cytoprotective enzymes measured (NQ01 and AKR1C1 expression) based on immunohistochemical analysis. Expression was categorized by the study pathologist based on percentage of cells expressing antibody on the slide.

Patients will be randomized to 14 day intervention of broccoli sprout extract consisting of a consistent dose of sulforaphane dissolved in mango juice compared to a placebo preparation of mango juice alone. All women will be on a cruciferous free diet for the duration of the study (14 days).

Broccoli sprout extract (sulforaphane): Women newly diagnosed with DCIS on core biopsy prior to definitive surgery will be randomized to either a prepartion of broccoli sprout extract and mango juice or a placebo preparation of mango juice alone. All women will be on a cruciferous free diet for the duration of the study (14 days) and complete a daily dietary check list. Twelve hour urine collections and blood samples will be collected at various time points during the study. Acceptability of the 14 day dose will be evaluated by monitoring indices of compliance, including urinary measurements of ITC excretion, the daily food check list and a questionnaire administered at the end of the study.

Age collected on baseline survey. Participants had to be 18+ years old

Pathologists score the slides without knowledge of treatment assignment at the end of the study. All pre-post samples from one individual will be evaluated together. Quality control for these stains is performed routinely in the immunohistochemistry lab (using lymphoid tissue for Ki67). Initial scoring is performed where possible on a minimum of 3000 cells, by counting the number of positive cells divided by the total number of cells. DCIS lesions will be scored separately to adjacent normal tissue. The rationale for selecting Ki67 as a measure of cellular proliferation includes the robustness of the staining reaction, correlation with the S phase fraction of the cell cycle and mitotic index and that it can be successfully ascertained from core breast biopsies provided there is an adequate yield of epithelial cells. A negative value reflects a decrease in ki67 positive cells, therefore a decrease in cellular proliferation.

All participants who completed the 14-day intervention on either study arm were included in analysis.

Patients will be randomized to 14 day intervention of broccoli sprout extract consisting of a consistent dose of sulforaphane dissolved in mango juice compared to a placebo preparation of mango juice alone. All women will be on a cruciferous free diet for the duration of the study (14 days).

Broccoli sprout extract (sulforaphane): Women newly diagnosed with DCIS on core biopsy prior to definitive surgery will be randomized to either a prepartion of broccoli sprout extract and mango juice or a placebo preparation of mango juice alone. All women will be on a cruciferous free diet for the duration of the study (14 days) and complete a daily dietary check list. Twelve hour urine collections and blood samples will be collected at various time points during the study. Acceptability of the 14 day dose will be evaluated by monitoring indices of compliance, including urinary measurements of ITC excretion, the daily food check list and a questionnaire administered at the end of the study.