The objective of this translational research is to study the effect of implementing an innovative simulated diabetes learning intervention within primary care residency programs. The intervention uses cognitive behavioral learning theory to provide goal-directed feedback to residents after every encounter over a series of virtual patient-physician encounters. Formulas derived from pharmacokinetic data and the experience of clinical experts model simulated physiologic responses to drug changes, health behaviors, and adherence factors. The online intervention is economical, sustainable, and addresses a number of current obstacles to outpatient diabetes training in primary care residency programs.

In this group trial, we randomly assign about 20 primary care residency programs with up to 700 residents total to either an (a) Early learning program group or (b) Delayed learning program group. We will assess the ability of residents to achieve evidence-based diabetes clinical goals and avoid potential medical safety issues for glycemia, blood pressure, and lipids on simulated assessment cases. Secondary analyses will evaluate the actual use of the tool by residents, direct costs of the program, and resident satisfaction.

Specific aim 1: To examine the impact of a simulated case-based learning intervention on measures of quality of diabetes care delivered by primary care residents to simulated adult patients with diabetes mellitus.

Hypothesis 1: Compared to delayed SimCare Diabetes learning program group residents, those residents in the early SimCare Diabetes learning program group will treat a higher proportion of simulated patients to evidence based diabetes goals including glycemic control (A1c < 7%), blood pressure control (BP < 130/80 mm Hg), and lipid control (evidence-based LDL, Triglyceride, and HDL levels).

Specific aim 2: To examine the impact of a simulated case-based learning intervention on rates of appropriate drug intensification and number of risky prescribing events in the management of simulated adult patients with diabetes mellitus.

Hypothesis 2: Compared to delayed SimCare Diabetes learning program group residents, those residents in the early SimCare Diabetes learning program group will have improved rates of appropriate drug intensification in simulated assessment cases.

Hypothesis 3: Compared to delayed SimCare Diabetes learning program group residents, those residents in the early SimCare Diabetes learning program group will have a lower number of risky prescribing events in simulated assessment cases.

Study subjects include up to 700 first, second, third, and fourth year primary care residents from a minimum of 20 residency programs across the country. To become a partner in this study, programs must meet the eligibility criteria listed below:

To be eligible for partnership in this study, a program must meet all the following criteria:

a) be an accredited family medicine or internal medicine/med-peds training program within the U.S., (b) have a minimum of 12 residents within the standard 3- to 4-year program, (c) the program director must endorse and be willing to offer SimCare Diabetes to all residents within the program and provide residents (with help from the study staff) with the explanatory and registration materials, (d) the residency program director must sign a letter of agreement with the research team specifying the responsibilities of the research team and of the residency program in addressing the specific needs of this project, (e) the residency program director must agree to complete a residency program director survey, which provides insight into the general characteristics of the residency program, and provide diabetes quality measurement data from at least one resident ambulatory clinic pre-intervention (around October/November 2010) and post-intervention (around June/July 2011), (f) residents within the program must have high speed internet access, and (g) if randomized to the delayed learning program group, the program must be willing to postpone SimCare Diabetes until after the post-intervention assessment cases are completed.