Primary hypotheses:

Ho1: In chronic neck pain patients, randomly treated with either a "sham" or "real" cervical manipulation procedure, the probability of perceiving a Real Manipulation Procedure is equal to the probability of obtaining a Real Manipulation Procedure, AND, Ho2: Spinal tenderness will remain unchanged following the treatment procedure for both groups.

Secondary (null) hypotheses:

1. Neck pain, cervical ranges of motion and paraspinal EMG responses to pressure pain will remain unchanged in both groups;
2. there will be no differences between groups with respect to 2a) neck joint cavitations and 2b) forces across the cervical spine measured during the manoeuvres.

1. Develop a randomized controlled clinical trial design to optimize the testing of the effects of a sham vs real cervical manipulation.
2. Use novel modifications of both a sham a real manipulation to create "procedures" designed to optimize group equivalence in the RCT design. Then, evaluate the accuracy of 'patient post-treatment perception of treatment type' versus actual administered treatment (primary outcome #1).
3. Quantitatively evaluate group differences in local soft-tissue tenderness by algometry (primary outcome #2), as well as changes in self-reported neck pain, ranges of motion, myoelectric responses in selected neck muscles and forces imparted during the procedures.
4. Evaluate the occurrence of neck joint cavitation during the manoeuvres comprising these procedures.

Inclusion Criteria:

• 21-55 years old with chronic neck pain, Males/Females
• Between 30-60 NRS 101 Scale
• ≥ 4 weeks mechanical neck pain

Exclusion Criteria:

• Cervical Spine Surgery
• Medically uncontrolled High Blood Pressure
• Past History of Stroke
• Upper Respiratory Infection within 4 weeks
• Current Symptoms of Dizziness
• Tinnitus, Blurred Vision, Vertigo, Sensory Motor Disturbance
• Current use of anticoagulant therapy
• Connective Tissue Disorder
• Primary Fibromyalgia or myofascial pain
• Metabolic/Neoplastic Bone Disease

Participants in this study will be consenting adults, 21-55 years of age, male or female who have chronic mechanical neck pain (NP) rated as between 30 and 65 on an NRS-101 scale [74]. For the purposes of this study NP is defined as;