Ahmed Glaucoma Valve and Single-Plate Molteno Implants in Treatment of Refractory Glaucoma

The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of the Ahmed valve implant (AVI) and the Molteno single-plate implant (MSPI) in eyes with refractory glaucoma during a follow-up period of 24 months.

Inclusion Criteria:

• refractory glaucoma, defined as uncontrolled IOP despite maximal anti-glaucoma medication, previously failed nonseton surgical treatment, or a combination thereof.

Exclusion Criteria:

• age less than 40 years
• a visual acuity of no light perception
• lens opacity
• elevated IOP associated with silicone oil previous glaucoma drainage device implantation in the same eye
• previous cyclodestructive treatment
• increased risk of endophthalmitis posterior segment disorders
• pre-existing ocular comorbidities.