Influence of Esmolol on a Closed-Loop Anesthesia System

Closed-loop Delivery of Propofol and Remifentanil: Sparing Effect of Esmolol

Main objective is to evaluate the sparing effect of esmolol on the required doses of propofol and remifentanil

Inclusion Criteria:

• male patients scheduled for a general anesthesia

Exclusion Criteria:

• age lower than 18 years
• allergy to propofol, or to soja or to peanuts, or to sufentanil, to remifentanil, or to morphine, or to a myorelaxant or to an excipient,
• any other history of anaphylactic reaction,
• hypersensibility to sufentanil, or to remifentanil, or to other derivate of fentanyl,
• hypersensibility to esmolol or to an excipient,
• history of central nervous system disease,
• patients receiving a psychotropic treatment or an agonist-antagonist opiate,
• hypovolemic patients,
• patients receiving a cardio-vascular treatment,
• patients with a pacemaker,
• expected bleeding more than 20% of the blood volume,
• simultaneous general and loco-regional anesthesia,
• patients suffering from asthma, COPD, trouble of the heart rhythm or conduction, cardiac insufficiency, cardiogenogenic shock, Prinzmetal syndrome, pheochromocytoma,
• patients with a heart rate less than 50/min and/or an arterial hypotension,
• neurosurgical act or any other which precludes an adequate positioning of the bispectral electrode.