Acute Effects of Acu-Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (Acu-TENS) on Forced Expiratory Flow Volume in One Second (FEV1) and Blood β-Endorphin Level in Subjects With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Acute Effects of Acu-TENS on FEV1 and Blood β-Endorphin Level in Subjects With COPD

The objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Acu-TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation applied on acupoints) on lung functions, dyspnoeic symptoms and its association with beta endorphin level in subjects with COPD.

Inclusion Criteria:

• clinical diagnosis with COPD

Exclusion Criteria:

• allergic to gel
• unable to perform spirometry
• unable to communicate