The main purposes of this study are to assess the performance characteristics of transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions, and to identify the predictor variables of a positive aspirate.

In a recent systematic literature review (Rivera PM, Mehta AC; Chest 2007; 132: 1318-1488) TBNA showed the highest sensitivity in the diagnostic bronchoscopic approach to peripheral pulmonary lesions, as compared to the other available sampling techniques (transbronchial biopsy, brushing, washings). However, the Authors conclude that the data regarding TBNA in this setting deserve cautious interpretation because of the limited number of studies and the large differences in sample size). We designed the present study to assess the performance characteristics of TBNA, alone and in comparison with those of transbronchial biopsy, in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 18 years and older
• Pulmonary nodule (< 3 cm) or mass (> 3 cm) at computed tomography

Exclusion Criteria:

• Refusal to sign informed consent
• Uncontrolled coagulopathy
• Pregnancy

Adult patients with pulmonary nodule or mass referred for bronchoscopy to the Thoracic Endoscopy Unit of Maggiore Hospital (Bologna Italy)