Autoregulation is the ability of a vascular bed to maintain blood flow despite changes in perfusion pressure. The existence of an effective autoregulation in the optic nerve head (ONH) circulation has been shown in animals and humans. Moderate elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) caused only slight effect on ONH blood flow in monkeys, cats and rabbits. In humans, during an artificial IOP rise using a suction cup method the ONH blood flow maintains almost constant until IOP reaches 40-55 mmHg. During isometric exercise the upper limit of autoregulation appears to be approximately 40% above the baseline ocular perfusion pressure. The mechanism behind ONH blood flow autoregulation is still unknown. The present experiments are designed to improve the investigators' knowledge of the physiology of regulatory mechanisms in ONH circulation, which may be helpful for a better understanding of blood flow abnormalities in glaucoma. This is of importance, because there is an increased evidence, that vascular dysregulation plays a role in the development of glaucomatous damage.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Men aged between 19 and 35 years, nonsmokers
• Body mass index between 15th and 85th percentile (Must et al. 1991)
• Normal findings in the medical history and physical examination unless the investigator considers an abnormality to be clinically irrelevant
• Normal ophthalmic findings, ametropia < 1 Dpt

Exclusion Criteria:

• Regular use of medication, abuse of alcoholic beverages, participation in a clinical trial in the 3 weeks preceding the study
• Treatment in the previous 3 weeks with any drug
• Symptoms of a clinically relevant illness in the 3 weeks before the first study day
• Blood donation during the previous 3 weeks
• Presence of intraocular pathology: ocular hypertension, glaucoma, retinal vasculopathy or other retinal diseases