The purpose of this study is to examine the genetic contribution to the mechanism of lapaquistat acetate- induced hepatic abnormalities.

This is a modified case control study to investigate the association of genotype with phenotype in subjects who experienced alanine aminotransferase and bilirubin derangements following exposure to lapaquistat acetate.

The DNA profile of subjects who experienced significant biochemical hepatic derangement following exposure to lapaquistat acetate (cases) will be compared with a population of pre-genotyped untreated individuals (controls) from a public database. The DNA from subjects who had hepatic derangement during lapaquistat acetate studies, in the absence of exposure to lapaquistat acetate, will be stored. If data from the subjects exposed to lapaquistat acetate indicates that there is a genetic marker of interest, the stored DNA from non-exposed subjects will be assayed to further investigate the signal. One 10 mL sample of whole blood will be collected in plastic K2EDTA tube, after informed consent has been obtained.

Each subject will sign the informed consent document prior to undergoing the study-related procedure. One 10 mL sample of whole blood will be collected from each subject. Extracted DNA will be analyzed using a whole genome scan approach as well as a candidate gene approach.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Has experienced an alanine aminotransferase level greater than or equal to 5 times the upper limit of normal, or concurrent elevation of alanine aminotransferase greater than or equal to 3 times the upper limit of normal and bilirubin greater than or equal to 2 times the upper limit of normal while participating in lapaquistat acetate clinical studies.

Exclusion Criteria:

• None

Subjects who participated in lapaquistat acetate phase 2 and phase 3 clinical studies