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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| A534280 | Other Identifier | UW Madison | |
| SMPH/MEDICINE/NEPHROLOGY | Other Identifier | UW Madison |
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The goal of this proposal is to investigate the potential for ACE-inhibitors (ACE-I)(drugs primarily used to treat hypertension or congestive heart failure) to prevent or delay cardiovascular disease (CVD) in older adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) by examining their impact on aortic stiffness in people with stage 3 CKD in a randomized, controlled study.
This study will be the first to examine whether aortic stiffness is increased in elderly patients with CKD compared to their age-matched healthy controls and further examine whether ACE-I may delay the progression of aortic stiffness in elderly CKD patients. If ACE-I therapy appears beneficial in preventing or delaying arterial stiffening in elderly patients with CKD, this work has important implications for improving the overall health of this population.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chronic Kidney Disease-ACE-I | Active Comparator | ace inhibitor |
|
| Chronic Kidney Disease | Placebo Comparator |
| |
| Age matched control-ACE-I | Active Comparator | ace-inhibitor |
|
| Age matched control | Placebo Comparator | Placebo |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor | Drug | Active comparator in chronic kidney disease and age matched control will take 1x40mg per day Placebo comparator in chronic kidney disease and age matched control will take 1 placebo pill per day |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) | PWV will be measured in patients over age 60 with stage 3 CKD and age matched controls without CKD. | up to 12 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Mean Vascular Stiffness As Measured by PWV | Comparison between Participants with Stage 3 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and age matched Controls without CKD. The numbers reported are the mean of all the participants in the group at two points in time - the baseline and at 12 months for CFPWV, CBPWV, and CRPWV. Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (CFPWV) Carotid-Brachial Pulse Wave Velocity (CBPWV) Carotid-Radial Pulse Wave Velocity (CRPWV) |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Known significant CVD (history of Myocardial infarction (MI), recurrent stroke, or New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or greater).
Serum potassium > 5.2 meq/L
Known allergy or hypersensitivity to ACE inhibitor or ARB
Female of childbearing age not practicing contraception
Current treatment with an Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE-I) or Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers (ARB) (Note: can participate if on ACE-I after 6 week washout period)
History of ACE-I induced angioedema
History of angioedema, hereditary or idiopathic
Persons lacking consent capacity
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Arjang Djamali, MD | University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health | Principal Investigator |
| Laura Maursetter, DO | University of Wisconsin, Madison | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Wisconsin-Madison Hospitals and Clinics | Madison | Wisconsin | 53792 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 17976426 | Background | Ryan TP, Sloand JA, Winters PC, Corsetti JP, Fisher SG. Chronic kidney disease prevalence and rate of diagnosis. Am J Med. 2007 Nov;120(11):981-6. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.05.012. | |
| 9831236 | Background | Foley RN, Parfrey PS. Cardiovascular disease and mortality in ESRD. J Nephrol. 1998 Sep-Oct;11(5):239-45. |
Not provided
Not provided
There is limited data for this study, the PI is now in private practice and some raw data no longer exists to answer this outcome. We have done our due diligence to populate this record with data that remains.
Recruitment occurred between January 2009 and May 2009. Patients were told about this study from the nephrologist or study coordinator around the time of their usual kidney clinic visit. Controls were enrolled through a group on campus who connects volunteers with research studies.
Not provided
| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Chronic Kidney Disease-ACE-I | ace inhibitor lisinopril: 1 x 40 mg per day |
| FG001 | Chronic Kidney Disease | angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor: Active comparator in chronic kidney disease and age matched control will take 1x40mg per day Placebo comparator in chronic kidney disease and age matched control will take 1 placebo pill per day |
| FG002 | Age Matched Control-ACE-I | ace-inhibitor lisinopril: 1 x 40 mg per day |
| FG003 | Age Matched Control | Placebo angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor: Active comparator in chronic kidney disease and age matched control will take 1x40mg per day Placebo comparator in chronic kidney disease and age matched control will take 1 placebo pill per day |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
|
Only data for Aim 1 of this study has been located.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Chronic Kidney Disease-ACE-I | ace inhibitor lisinopril: 1 x 40 mg per day |
| BG001 | Chronic Kidney Disease | angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor: Active comparator in chronic kidney disease and age matched control will take 1x40mg per day Placebo comparator in chronic kidney disease and age matched control will take 1 placebo pill per day |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) | PWV will be measured in patients over age 60 with stage 3 CKD and age matched controls without CKD. | Comparison of the baseline pulse wave velocity measures between the two groups (CKD vs no CKD) prior to intervention with ACE inhibitor. Data analyzed is from 32 participants due to drop out either from study self withdrawal (3) or ineligibility (1 = BP too low to start medication) and 7 without adequate testing data available for analysis. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | m/s | up to 12 months |
|
up to 12 months
There is limited data for this study, the PI is now in private practice and unreachable. The remaining study team has found data only in support of Aim 1 (CKD aortic stiffness vs healthy controls), no data for ACE-I arms.
Not provided
| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Chronic Kidney Disease-ACE-I | ace inhibitor lisinopril: 1 x 40 mg per day | 0 |
Not provided
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uticaria | Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | Systematic Assessment |
There is limited data for this study, the PI is now in private practice and some raw data no longer exists to answer this outcome. We have done our due diligence to populate this record with data that remains.
| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Arjang Djamali | University of Wisconsin - Madison | (608) 262-9306 | axd@medicine.wisc.edu |
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D051436 | Renal Insufficiency, Chronic |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D051437 | Renal Insufficiency |
| D007674 | Kidney Diseases |
| D014570 | Urologic Diseases |
| D052776 | Female Urogenital Diseases |
Not provided
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000806 | Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors |
| D017706 | Lisinopril |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011480 | Protease Inhibitors |
| D004791 | Enzyme Inhibitors |
| D045504 | Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action |
| D020228 | Pharmacologic Actions |
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|
| lisinopril | Drug | 1 x 40 mg per day |
|
|
| baseline and 12 months |
| Change in Blood Pressure From Baseline to 12 Months | Change in Blood Pressure will be used to measure the effect of ACE-inhibitors on the clinical markers of Cardiovascular Disease in participants with stage 3 CKD. | up to 12 months |
| 11641313 | Background | Blacher J, Guerin AP, Pannier B, Marchais SJ, London GM. Arterial calcifications, arterial stiffness, and cardiovascular risk in end-stage renal disease. Hypertension. 2001 Oct;38(4):938-42. doi: 10.1161/hy1001.096358. |
| 16245242 | Background | Covic A, Haydar AA, Bhamra-Ariza P, Gusbeth-Tatomir P, Goldsmith DJ. Aortic pulse wave velocity and arterial wave reflections predict the extent and severity of coronary artery disease in chronic kidney disease patients. J Nephrol. 2005 Jul-Aug;18(4):388-96. |
| 15216492 | Background | London GM, Marchais SJ, Guerin AP. Arterial stiffness and function in end-stage renal disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2004 Apr;11(2):202-9. doi: 10.1053/j.arrt.2004.02.008. |
| 15754271 | Background | Wang MC, Tsai WC, Chen JY, Huang JJ. Stepwise increase in arterial stiffness corresponding with the stages of chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 2005 Mar;45(3):494-501. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2004.11.011. |
| 15942250 | Background | Kundhal K, Lok CE. Clinical epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease. Nephron Clin Pract. 2005;101(2):c47-52. doi: 10.1159/000086221. Epub 2005 Jun 7. |
| 16461839 | Background | Willum-Hansen T, Staessen JA, Torp-Pedersen C, Rasmussen S, Thijs L, Ibsen H, Jeppesen J. Prognostic value of aortic pulse wave velocity as index of arterial stiffness in the general population. Circulation. 2006 Feb 7;113(5):664-70. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.579342. |
| 8840292 | Background | London GM, Guerin AP, Marchais SJ, Pannier B, Safar ME, Day M, Metivier F. Cardiac and arterial interactions in end-stage renal disease. Kidney Int. 1996 Aug;50(2):600-8. doi: 10.1038/ki.1996.355. |
| 14871413 | Background | Shinohara K, Shoji T, Tsujimoto Y, Kimoto E, Tahara H, Koyama H, Emoto M, Ishimura E, Miki T, Tabata T, Nishizawa Y. Arterial stiffness in predialysis patients with uremia. Kidney Int. 2004 Mar;65(3):936-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00468.x. |
| 14732732 | Background | Safar ME, London GM, Plante GE. Arterial stiffness and kidney function. Hypertension. 2004 Feb;43(2):163-8. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000114571.75762.b0. Epub 2004 Jan 19. |
| 15820199 | Background | Dao HH, Essalihi R, Bouvet C, Moreau P. Evolution and modulation of age-related medial elastocalcinosis: impact on large artery stiffness and isolated systolic hypertension. Cardiovasc Res. 2005 May 1;66(2):307-17. doi: 10.1016/j.cardiores.2005.01.012. |
| 14600164 | Background | Ferrari AU, Radaelli A, Centola M. Invited review: aging and the cardiovascular system. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2003 Dec;95(6):2591-7. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00601.2003. |
| 15123572 | Background | Mitchell GF, Parise H, Benjamin EJ, Larson MG, Keyes MJ, Vita JA, Vasan RS, Levy D. Changes in arterial stiffness and wave reflection with advancing age in healthy men and women: the Framingham Heart Study. Hypertension. 2004 Jun;43(6):1239-45. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000128420.01881.aa. Epub 2004 May 3. |
| 15777552 | Background | Sawabe M, Takahashi R, Matsushita S, Ozawa T, Arai T, Hamamatsu A, Nakahara K, Chida K, Yamanouchi H, Murayama S, Tanaka N. Aortic pulse wave velocity and the degree of atherosclerosis in the elderly: a pathological study based on 304 autopsy cases. Atherosclerosis. 2005 Apr;179(2):345-51. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.09.023. Epub 2004 Dec 13. |
| 15702623 | Background | London GM, Marchais SJ, Guerin AP, Pannier B. Arterial stiffness: pathophysiology and clinical impact. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2004 Oct-Nov;26(7-8):689-99. doi: 10.1081/ceh-200031982. |
| 16205470 | Background | London GM, Marchais SJ, Guerin AP, Metivier F. Arteriosclerosis, vascular calcifications and cardiovascular disease in uremia. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2005 Nov;14(6):525-31. doi: 10.1097/01.mnh.0000168336.67499.c0. |
| 12642016 | Background | Touyz RM. The role of angiotensin II in regulating vascular structural and functional changes in hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2003 Apr;5(2):155-64. doi: 10.1007/s11906-003-0073-2. |
| 11881101 | Background | Unger T. Pharmacological properties of angiotensin II antagonists: examining all the therapeutic implications. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2001 Sep;2 Suppl 2:S4-7. doi: 10.3317/jraas.2001.030. |
| 12692572 | Background | Matsuda H, Hayashi K, Saruta T. Distinct time courses of renal protective action of angiotensin receptor antagonists and ACE inhibitors in chronic renal disease. J Hum Hypertens. 2003 Apr;17(4):271-6. doi: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001543. |
| 9488609 | Background | Chrysant SG. Vascular remodeling: the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Am Heart J. 1998 Feb;135(2 Pt 2):S21-30. doi: 10.1053/hj.1998.v135.86971. |
| 15462689 | Background | Bertrand ME. Provision of cardiovascular protection by ACE inhibitors: a review of recent trials. Curr Med Res Opin. 2004 Oct;20(10):1559-69. doi: 10.1185/030079904X4185. |
| 15326093 | Background | Fields LE, Burt VL, Cutler JA, Hughes J, Roccella EJ, Sorlie P. The burden of adult hypertension in the United States 1999 to 2000: a rising tide. Hypertension. 2004 Oct;44(4):398-404. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000142248.54761.56. Epub 2004 Aug 23. |
| 11866648 | Background | Vasan RS, Beiser A, Seshadri S, Larson MG, Kannel WB, D'Agostino RB, Levy D. Residual lifetime risk for developing hypertension in middle-aged women and men: The Framingham Heart Study. JAMA. 2002 Feb 27;287(8):1003-10. doi: 10.1001/jama.287.8.1003. |
| 9236450 | Background | Franklin SS, Gustin W 4th, Wong ND, Larson MG, Weber MA, Kannel WB, Levy D. Hemodynamic patterns of age-related changes in blood pressure. The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 1997 Jul 1;96(1):308-15. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.96.1.308. |
| 16046653 | Background | Lloyd-Jones DM, Evans JC, Levy D. Hypertension in adults across the age spectrum: current outcomes and control in the community. JAMA. 2005 Jul 27;294(4):466-72. doi: 10.1001/jama.294.4.466. |
| 9635947 | Background | Hansson L, Zanchetti A, Carruthers SG, Dahlof B, Elmfeldt D, Julius S, Menard J, Rahn KH, Wedel H, Westerling S. Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial. HOT Study Group. Lancet. 1998 Jun 13;351(9118):1755-62. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(98)04311-6. |
| 2522417 | Background | Darne B, Girerd X, Safar M, Cambien F, Guize L. Pulsatile versus steady component of blood pressure: a cross-sectional analysis and a prospective analysis on cardiovascular mortality. Hypertension. 1989 Apr;13(4):392-400. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.13.4.392. |
| 12975261 | Background | Mitchell GF, Lacourciere Y, Ouellet JP, Izzo JL Jr, Neutel J, Kerwin LJ, Block AJ, Pfeffer MA. Determinants of elevated pulse pressure in middle-aged and older subjects with uncomplicated systolic hypertension: the role of proximal aortic diameter and the aortic pressure-flow relationship. Circulation. 2003 Sep 30;108(13):1592-8. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000093435.04334.1F. Epub 2003 Sep 15. |
| 15211442 | Background | Hallan S, Asberg A, Lindberg M, Johnsen H. Validation of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula for estimating GFR with special emphasis on calibration of the serum creatinine assay. Am J Kidney Dis. 2004 Jul;44(1):84-93. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2004.03.027. |
| 15882252 | Background | Levey AS, Eckardt KU, Tsukamoto Y, Levin A, Coresh J, Rossert J, De Zeeuw D, Hostetter TH, Lameire N, Eknoyan G. Definition and classification of chronic kidney disease: a position statement from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Kidney Int. 2005 Jun;67(6):2089-100. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00365.x. |
| 16256881 | Background | McEniery CM, Yasmin, Hall IR, Qasem A, Wilkinson IB, Cockcroft JR; ACCT Investigators. Normal vascular aging: differential effects on wave reflection and aortic pulse wave velocity: the Anglo-Cardiff Collaborative Trial (ACCT). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 Nov 1;46(9):1753-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.07.037. Epub 2005 Oct 10. |
| 12081987 | Background | Mitchell GF, Izzo JL Jr, Lacourciere Y, Ouellet JP, Neutel J, Qian C, Kerwin LJ, Block AJ, Pfeffer MA. Omapatrilat reduces pulse pressure and proximal aortic stiffness in patients with systolic hypertension: results of the conduit hemodynamics of omapatrilat international research study. Circulation. 2002 Jun 25;105(25):2955-61. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000020500.77568.3c. |
| 10724055 | Background | Bakris GL, Weir MR. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-associated elevations in serum creatinine: is this a cause for concern? Arch Intern Med. 2000 Mar 13;160(5):685-93. doi: 10.1001/archinte.160.5.685. |
| Background | Djamali A, Sadowski E, Muehrer R, et al. Losartan Improves Renal Medullary Oxygenation and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Chronic Allograft Nephropathy. J.Am.Soc.Nephrol. 15 (Abstract Issue):SA-PO1026, 2004 |
| Physician Decision |
|
| Other |
|
| BG002 | Age Matched Control-ACE-I | ace-inhibitor lisinopril: 1 x 40 mg per day |
| BG003 | Age Matched Control | Placebo angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor: Active comparator in chronic kidney disease and age matched control will take 1x40mg per day Placebo comparator in chronic kidney disease and age matched control will take 1 placebo pill per day |
| BG004 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected | Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant. | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
|
| Serum Creatinine | Mean | Standard Deviation | mg/dL |
|
Healthy age-matched control over age 60
|
|
|
| Secondary | Mean Vascular Stiffness As Measured by PWV | Comparison between Participants with Stage 3 Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and age matched Controls without CKD. The numbers reported are the mean of all the participants in the group at two points in time - the baseline and at 12 months for CFPWV, CBPWV, and CRPWV. Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (CFPWV) Carotid-Brachial Pulse Wave Velocity (CBPWV) Carotid-Radial Pulse Wave Velocity (CRPWV) | Participants in each arm that had measurements for both baseline and 12 months | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | m/s | baseline and 12 months |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Blood Pressure From Baseline to 12 Months | Change in Blood Pressure will be used to measure the effect of ACE-inhibitors on the clinical markers of Cardiovascular Disease in participants with stage 3 CKD. | There is limited data for this study, the PI is now in private practice and the raw data no longer exists to answer this outcome. We have done our due diligence to populate this record with data that remains. | Posted | up to 12 months |
|
|
| 8 |
| 0 |
| 8 |
| 2 |
| 8 |
| EG001 | Chronic Kidney Disease | angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor: Active comparator in chronic kidney disease and age matched control will take 1x40mg per day Placebo comparator in chronic kidney disease and age matched control will take 1 placebo pill per day | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 4 |
| EG002 | Age Matched Control-ACE-I | ace-inhibitor lisinopril: 1 x 40 mg per day | 0 | 17 | 0 | 17 | 3 | 17 |
| EG003 | Age Matched Control | Placebo angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor: Active comparator in chronic kidney disease and age matched control will take 1x40mg per day Placebo comparator in chronic kidney disease and age matched control will take 1 placebo pill per day | 0 | 14 | 0 | 14 | 1 | 14 |
| Dizziness | Nervous system disorders | Systematic Assessment |
|
| Lip Parasthesia | Nervous system disorders | Systematic Assessment |
|
| Nausea | Gastrointestinal disorders | Systematic Assessment |
|
| Headache | General disorders | Systematic Assessment |
|
| Stiff Neck | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Systematic Assessment |
|
| Low Blood Pressure | Vascular disorders | Systematic Assessment |
|
| Dry Cough | Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | Systematic Assessment |
|
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| D005261 |
| Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D052801 | Male Urogenital Diseases |
| D002908 | Chronic Disease |
| D020969 | Disease Attributes |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D020164 | Chemical Actions and Uses |
| D004151 | Dipeptides |
| D009842 | Oligopeptides |
| D010455 | Peptides |
| D000602 | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |
| Male |
|
| CBPWV 12 months |
|
| CRPWV Baseline |
|
| CRPWV 12 months |
|
| CFPWV Baseline |
|
| CFPWV 12 months |
|
| 0.869 |
| Superiority |
| This p-value compares the baseline CRPWV measures for the CKD vs Controls group | t-test, 2 sided | 0.709 | Superiority |
| This p-value compares the 12 month CBPWV measures for the CKD vs Controls group | t-test, 2 sided | 0.340 | Superiority |
| This p-value compares the baseline CFPWV measures for the CKD vs Controls group | t-test, 2 sided | 0.730 | Superiority |
| This p-value compares the 12 month CFPWV measures for the CKD vs Controls group | t-test, 2 sided | 0.204 | Superiority |
| This compares the 12 month CBPWV measure of ACE-I CKD and Control groups | t-test, 2 sided | 0.963 | Superiority |
| This compares the 12 month CRPWV measure of ACE-I CKD and Control groups | t-test, 2 sided | 0.991 | Superiority |
| This compares the 12 month CFPWV measure of ACE-I CKD and Control groups | t-test, 2 sided | 0.176 | Superiority |
| This compares the baseline and 12 month CBPWV measure of the ACE-I CKD | t-test, 2 sided | 0.402 | Superiority |
| This compares the baseline and 12 month CRPWV measure of the ACE-I CKD | t-test, 2 sided | 0.586 | Superiority |
| This compares the baseline and 12 month CFPWV measure of the ACE-I CKD | t-test, 2 sided | 0.455 | Superiority |
| This compares the baseline and 12 month CBPWV measure of the ACE-I Control Group | t-test, 2 sided | 0.418 | Superiority |
| This compares the baseline and 12 month CRPWV measure of the ACE-I Control Group | t-test, 2 sided | 0.091 | Superiority |
| This compares the baseline and 12 month CFPWV measure of the ACE-I Control Group | t-test, 2 sided | 0.034 | Superiority |
| This compares the 12 month CBPWV measure of the CKD and Control groups | t-test, 2 sided | 0.921 | Superiority |
| This compares the 12 month CRPWV measure of the CKD and Control groups | t-test, 2 sided | 0.887 | Superiority |
| This compares the 12 month CFPWV measure of the CKD and Control groups | t-test, 2 sided | 0.759 | Superiority |
| This compares the baseline and 12 month CBPWV measure of the Control groups | t-test, 2 sided | 0.851 | Superiority |
| This compares the baseline and 12 month CRPWV measure of the Control groups | t-test, 2 sided | 0.733 | Superiority |
| This compares the baseline and 12 month CFPWV measure of the Control groups | t-test, 2 sided | 0.902 | Superiority |
| This compares the 12 month CBPWV measure between the CKD ACE-I and CKD Control groups. | t-test, 2 sided | 0.414 | Superiority |
| This compares the 12 month CRPWV measure between the CKD ACE-I and CKD Control groups. | t-test, 2 sided | 0.942 | Superiority |
| This compares the 12 month CFPWV measure between the CKD ACE-I and CKD Control groups. | t-test, 2 sided | 0.990 | Superiority |
| This compares the 12 month CBPWV measure between the ACE-I Control and CKD Control groups. | t-test, 2 sided | 0.273 | Superiority |
| This compares the 12 month CRPWV measure between the ACE-I Control and CKD Control groups. | t-test, 2 sided | 0.516 | Superiority |
| This compares the 12 month CFPWV measure between the ACE-I Control and CKD Control groups. | t-test, 2 sided | 0.102 | Superiority |