The primary aim of the study is to identify a predictive molecular signature for response to chemotherapy, according to WHO criteria, in patients with non-small cell lung cancer by studying the transcriptome (miRNAs and mRNAs) and the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) by using high throughput techniques.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Histological diagnosis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
• Obtention of a biopsy of the tumour according to the procedure defined in the protocol
• NSCLC of any stage to be treated by standard conventional first-line chemotherapy, as defined in the ELCWP guidelines (www.elcwp.org)
• Presence of at least one assessable lesion
• Availability for participating in the detailed follow-up of the protocol
• Signed informed consent.
• Age above 18 years

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patient who was previously treated with chemotherapy for NSCLC or who has any contra-indication precluding the administration of conventional chemotherapy for NSCLC
• NSCLC treated by exclusive surgery or radiotherapy
• A history of prior malignant tumour, except non-melanoma skin cancer or in situ carcinoma of the cervix or of the bladder or cured malignant tumour (more than 5-year disease free interval)