The Standard Concentration of Morphine as a Positive Control for Intradermal Skin Test

The Standard Concentration of Morphine as a Positive Control for Intradermal Skin Test

This study aims to compare skin reactivity results between morphine and histamine as a positive control agents in intradermal skin test.

Histamine hydrochloride and different concentrations of morphine sulfate will be intradermally injected and wheal diameter size will be comparatively measured between 15-30 minutes' time points after the test.

Inclusion Criteria:

• age 18-60 years old

Exclusion Criteria:

• immunodeficiency state
• cancer
• severe skin diseases
• severe medical illnesses
• malnutrition
• uncontrolled asthma
• pregnancy
• received oral or systemic corticosteroid within 1 month before this study
• receiving immunosuppressive agents
• taken antihistamine within 3 days before this study
• taking beta-blocker
• previous history of immunotherapy
• have hypersensitivity reaction to morphine/opiates