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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| K08DK002607 | U.S. NIH Grant/Contract | View source |
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Objective: We compared outcome parameters for good-risk patients with classic signs, symptoms, laboratory and abdominal imaging features of cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis randomized to either LC + LCBDE or ERCP/S + LC.
Design: Our study was a prospective trial conducted following written informed consent with randomization by the serially-numbered opaque envelope technique.
Setting: Our institution is an academic teaching hospital and the central receiving and trauma center for the City and County of San Francisco.
Patients: We randomized 122 patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists Grade I or II) meeting entry criteria. Ten of these patients, excluded from outcome analysis, were protocol violators having signed out of the hospital against medical advice before one of both procedures were completed.
Interventions: Treatment was pre-operative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography sphincterotomy (ERCP/S) followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), or laparoscopic cholecystectomy plus laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LC + LCBDE).
Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome measure was efficacy of stone clearance from the common bile duct. Secondary endpoints were length of hospital stay, cost of index hospitalization, professional fees, hospital charges, morbidity and mortality, and patient acceptance and quality of life scores.
Objective: We compared outcome parameters for good-risk patients with classic signs, symptoms, laboratory and abdominal imaging features of cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis randomized to either LC + LCBDE or ERCP/S + LC.
Design: Our study was a prospective trial conducted following written informed consent with randomization by the serially-numbered opaque envelope technique.
Setting: Our institution is an academic teaching hospital and the central receiving and trauma center for the City and County of San Francisco.
Patients: We randomized 122 patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists Grade I or II) meeting entry criteria. Ten of these patients, excluded from outcome analysis, were protocol violators having signed out of the hospital against medical advice before one of both procedures were completed.
Interventions: Treatment was pre-operative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography sphincterotomy (ERCP/S) followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), or laparoscopic cholecystectomy plus laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LC + LCBDE).
Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome measure was efficacy of stone clearance from the common bile duct. Secondary endpoints were length of hospital stay, cost of index hospitalization, professional fees, hospital charges, morbidity and mortality, and patient acceptance and quality of life scores.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| ERCP | Active Comparator | All ERCP's were performed by one of the authors (JPC), a fulltime faculty member and gastroenterology fellowship instructor in the presence and concurrence of the principal author/ surgeon (SJR). Patients randomized to ERCP/S + LC were scheduled to undergo the endoscopic procedure using fluoroscopy (OEC Diasonics 9400) in the endoscopy suite under moderate sedation (principally intravenous midazolam and meperidine) prior to the intended laparoscopy. Duodenal atony during ERCP was routinely achieved using intravenout glucagon. The laparoscopic cholecystectomy was subsequently performed as soon as technically feasible (i.e. following abdominal gas decompression) following the ERCP |
|
| Lap CBDE | Active Comparator | LC + LCBDE was performed in a routine fashion by one fulltime faculty member (SJR) with fellowship training in laparoscopy. Cholangiograms were obtained fluoroscopically using the same make and model fluoroscope (OEC Diasonics 9400) as used in ERCP by antegrade contrast flushing through the cystic duct. All fluoroscopy was performed by the principal author (SJR) in the presence of and concurrence with the ERCP endoscopist (JPC). When stones were detected or suspected by cholangiography, transcystic exploration was undertaken by balloon or basket with associated balloon dilation of the sphincter of Oddi A completion cholangiogram was obtained to confirm that all stones were removed. Once the LCBDE was completed, the cystic duct was ligated and the gallbladder removed. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERCP | Procedure | Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Patients randomized to ERCP/S + LC were scheduled to undergo the endoscopic procedure using fluoroscopy (OEC Diasonics 9400) in the endoscopy suite under moderate sedation (principally intravenous midazolam and meperidine) prior to the intended laparoscopy. Duodenal atony during ERCP was routinely achieved using intravenout glucagon. If choledocholithiasis was detected or suspected at the time of ERCP, a sphincterotomy was undertaken so that gallstones could be extracted using a balloon catheter or retrieval basket. Small bowel gas was aspirated endoscopically as much as possible at the conclusion of the ERCP. The laparoscopic cholecystectomy was subsequently performed as soon as technically feasible (i.e. following abdominal gas decompression) following the ERCP |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The primary endpoint was the efficacy of common bile duct stone clearance. | Hospital admmission |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Secondary endpoints were length of hospital stay, total cost of index hospitalization, professional fee charges, hospital charges, morbidity and mortality, and patient acceptance and quality of life scores. | Hospitalization |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Age > 18 years
Classic biliary-type pain
Ultrasonographic demonstration of cholecystolithiasis
Platelet count > 100,000 per mm³ and prothrombin time < 3 seconds of control
American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) risk grade I or II:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| San Francisco General Hospital | San Francisco | California | 94110 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20083751 | Derived | Rogers SJ, Cello JP, Horn JK, Siperstein AE, Schecter WP, Campbell AR, Mackersie RC, Rodas A, Kreuwel HT, Harris HW. Prospective randomized trial of LC+LCBDE vs ERCP/S+LC for common bile duct stone disease. Arch Surg. 2010 Jan;145(1):28-33. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.2009.226. |
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| LapCBDE | Procedure | LC + LCBDE was performed in a routine fashion by one fulltime faculty member (SJR) with fellowship training in laparoscopy. Cholangiograms were obtained fluoroscopically using the same make and model fluoroscope (OEC Diasonics 9400) as used in ERCP by antegrade contrast flushing through the cystic duct. All fluoroscopy was performed by the principal author (SJR) in the presence of and concurrence with the ERCP endoscopist (JPC). When stones were detected or suspected by cholangiography, transcystic exploration was undertaken by balloon or basket with associated balloon dilation of the sphincter of Oddi A completion cholangiogram was obtained to confirm that all stones were removed. Once the LCBDE was completed, the cystic duct was ligated and the gallbladder removed. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002760 | Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde |
| D017081 | Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002758 | Cholangiography |
| D011860 | Radiography, Abdominal |
| D011859 | Radiography |
| D003952 | Diagnostic Imaging |
| D019937 | Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures |
| D003933 | Diagnosis |
| D003938 | Diagnostic Techniques, Digestive System |
| D016145 | Endoscopy, Digestive System |
| D004724 | Endoscopy |
| D003949 | Diagnostic Techniques, Surgical |
| D013505 | Digestive System Surgical Procedures |
| D013514 | Surgical Procedures, Operative |
| D019060 | Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures |
| D002763 | Cholecystectomy |
| D001662 | Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures |
| D010535 | Laparoscopy |
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