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The investigators hypothesized that circulating EMP is a useful surrogate marker of early stage of endothelial damage. To determine the effects of chronic smoking on circulating EMP, from healthy volunteers who have habit of chronic smoking, peripheral blood is drawn at the time of flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) examination. Spot urine is also collected. Circulating EMPs are counted using flow-cytometry. After 2-week smoking cessation, the measurements were repeated.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| smoker | Experimental | Individuals who have a habit of chronic smoking without any coronary risk factors |
|
| non-smoker | No Intervention | the age-matched healthy volunteers |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| smoking cessation | Behavioral | After baseline examination, the group is asked to quit smoking for 2 weeks. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The number of circulating EMP | 2 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| FMD | 2 weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Tsutomu Imaizumi, MD, PhD | Kurume University | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kurume University Hospital | Kurume | Fukuoka | 830-0011 | Japan |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050197 | Atherosclerosis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001161 | Arteriosclerosis |
| D001157 | Arterial Occlusive Diseases |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
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