University decision.

The purpose of this study is to determine if prolonged administration of the anti TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-Alpha agent etanercept is associated with enhanced graft survival in patients undergoing islet after kidney transplantation.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, who have a stable functioning renal transplant, are taking the appropriate maintenance immunosuppression and have no severe health problems that preclude them receiving an islet transplant will be considered for inclusion.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Have a history of or findings suggestive of unstable diabetic complications (e.g. active eye disease)
• Active infections (clinically or by laboratory testing)
• History of current malignancy or suspicion of malignancy until properly investigated and excluded
• Liver or biliary abnormalities
• Unstable cardiovascular disease
• Findings to suggest immunological sensitization or those women who have the potential to get pregnant and are not using a sufficient method of contraception