al study sites stoped on 15/05/2012 because of insufficient recrutement.

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate an increase in protein metabolism during treatment with Physioneal 35® (containing lactate 10 mmol/l, calcium 1.75 mmol/l) compared to treatment with Physioneal 40® (containing lactate 15 mmol/l, calcium 1.25 mmol/l) in children and adolescents with end stage renal failure receiving peritoneal dialysis.

• Fat oxidation (13C-enrichment in expiration breath samples for U-C13-algae turnover)
• Growth markers (plasma levels of IgF-1, IgF-BP3, leptin)
• Biochemical markers of anabolism (plasma levels of total protein, albumin, transferrin)
• Serum thyroid function (fT3, fT4, TSH)
• Serum lipid status
• Serum markers of calcium/phosphate metabolism (PTH, calcium, ionized calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase)
• Prevalence of metabolic acidosis/ alkalosis (venous sample), serum lactate
• Safety parameters (such as normalized weekly Kt/v, parameters of glucose metabolism, parameters of hepatic function, parameters of calcium-phosphate-metabolism, physical examination incl. standing height, weight, assessment of complications related to peritoneal dialysis as peritonitis, exit infections and inguinal hernia)
• Body composition (lean body mass and body fat mass/fluid)

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients who are males or non-pregnant females between the ages of 3 months and 18 years.
• Patients who are on regular automated peritoneal dialysis due to end stage renal failure for at least 3 months.
• Patients and/or their parents must be capable of understanding the purpose and risks of the study.
• Patients and/or their parents (or guardians) who are willing to give written informed consent and willing to participate in and comply with the study protocol.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Use of pure lactate, amino acid or oligosaccharide solutions for peritoneal dialysis

• Peritonitis episode less than 6 weeks before enrolment

• Hypercalcemia (serum) > 2.75 mmol/l in three independent measurements during 10 days

• Severe secondary hyperthyroidism (iPTH > 500 ng/l)

• Renal anemia with hemoglobin (blood) < 10 mg/dl

• Impaired hepatic function (AST/SGOT or ALT/SGPT > 2 times the upper limit of the reference range)

• Patients who are participating in another study that requires Ethics Committee approval. Non-interventional studies are permitted.

• Pregnant female patients, females of childbearing potential who are unwilling or unable to use adequate contraception methods.

• Severe respiratory insufficiency

• Malnourishment (body weight < -2.5 SDS for height and gender) or severe deterioration of fat metabolism

• Patients with a history of malignancy of any organ system, treated or untreated

• Any surgical or medical condition which might significantly alter the absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of the investigational product and the comparator, including

  • Major deterioration of the abdominal wall (e.g. dermal infections or burns, hernia)
  • Major deterioration of the abdominal cavity (e.g. ascites, ileus, adhesions, bowel perforation, defects of the diaphragm, tumours)

• Patients with a history of viral infections such as HIV or hepatitis B, C.