The purpose of this Phase 2 study is to investigate whether intravenous administration of REOLYSIN® therapeutic reovirus in combination with Paclitaxel and Carboplatin is effective and safe in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is the sixth most common cancer in the world. More than 50% of patients diagnosed with advanced regional disease will relapse locally or at distant sites. Initial therapeutic options include irradiation, surgery and chemotherapy. The most commonly used agents are cisplatin and carboplatin, generally in combination with 5-FU or a taxane. Erbitux has recently been approved for use in first-line with radiation and in second-line as monotherapy. Only about a third of the patients will respond to first-line platinum-based therapy and the median overall survival is 6-9 months.

Preliminary assessment of a Phase 1 study being conducted in the UK investigating the combination of REOLYSIN®, carboplatin and paclitaxel suggested that patients with head and neck carcinomas may represent a group of patients in whom this treatment combination is active.

This Phase 2 study is designed to characterize the efficacy and safety of REOLYSIN® given intravenously in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin every 3 weeks in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Response is a primary endpoint of this trial. Patients will be clinically evaluated after each course of treatment and radiologically every other cycle. A complete or partial response must be confirmed at least 4 weeks after the first assessment that documents such a response and every two cycles thereafter.

The safety of the paclitaxel, carboplatin and REOLYSIN® combination will be assessed by the evaluation of the type, frequency and severity of adverse events, changes in clinical laboratory tests, immunogenicity and physical examination.

Patients may continue to receive therapy under this protocol, provided they have not experienced either progressive disease or unacceptable drug-related toxicity that does not respond to either supportive care or dose reduction.

Inclusion Criteria:

• have platinum-refractory metastatic and/or recurrent histologically confirmed stage III/IV squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (oral cavity, larynx or pharynx) with no secondary cancers
• have evidence of measurable disease
• have documented progressive disease (PD) on or within 190 days following the completion of treatment of cisplatin-based or carboplatin-based chemotherapy in a recurrent or metastatic setting and if treatment with cetuximab was considered indicated for the patient, documented PD(on or within 190 days of treatment)
• have no continuing acute toxic effect of any prior radiotherapy, chemotherapy or surgical procedures
• have received no chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy or hormonotherapy within 28 days
• have ECOG performance score of ≤2
• have life expectancy of at least 3 months
• absolute neutrophils ≥ 1.5 x10^9/L; platelets ≥100 x10^9; hemoglobin ≥9.0 g/dL; serum creatinine ≤1.5 xULN; bilirubin ≤1.5 x ULN; AST/ALT ≤2.5xULN
• negative pregnancy test for females of childbearing potential

Exclusion Criteria:

• have known brain metastasis
• have known bone metastasis
• be on immunosuppressive therapy; have known HIV infection or active hepatitis B or C
• be a pregnant or breast-feeding woman
• have clinically significant cardiac disease
• have dementia or altered mental status that would prohibit informed consent
• have any other severe, acute or chronic medical or psychiatric condition or laboratory abnormality that may increase the risk associated with study participation or study drug administration or may interfere with the interpretation of study results and, in the judgement of the Principal Investigator, would make the patient inappropriate for this study