The purpose of this study is to determine whether the combination of low doses of alemtuzumab and rituximab are effective in the treatment of patients with autoimmune cytopenias who has failed on steroids, relapsed after steroids withdrawal or required continuous steroids treatment.

Autoimmune cytopenias are a common entities with good responses to steroids therapies as first line, but there is a considerable percentage of patients who relapse, become refractory or dependant on steroids to maintain an acceptable level of hemoglobin or platelets, and the treatment becomes more difficult increasing the secondary effects. The current study evaluates the safety and efficacy of the combination of low doses of alemtuzumab (anti CD52) and Rituximab (anti CD 20) as a second line treatment option for this subset of patients improving the cytopenias without increasing the adverse effects.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age: > or = 16 years
• Weight: more than 40 Kg
• Autoimmune Hemolytic anemia with clinical and biochemical evidence of hemolysis refractory to treatment, in relapse or steroids dependant
• Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura with platelet counts < 50,000, refractory to treatment, in relapse or steroids dependant

Exclusion Criteria:

• Current viral or bacterial infection.
• Positive serology for HIV, HCV, HBV.