The purpose of the study is to investigate the safety, biodistribution, radiation dosimetry and pharmacokinetics of three intravenous escalating dose levels of Xofigo (Alpharadin).

Within the U.S., the trial is conducted under an IND sponsored by Bayer.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Must be ≥18 years of age

• Have histologically or cytologically evidence of adenocarcinoma of the prostate

• Have progressive castrate metastatic disease as shown by at least one of the following:

  • Imaging modalities:

    • Radionuclide Bone Scan: New osseous lesions
    • MRI or CT: At least a 20% increase in the sum of the LD of target lesions OR

  • Biochemical progression: A minimum of three rising PSA values from a baseline that are obtained 1 week or more apart, or 2 measurements 2 or more weeks apart

• Have skeletal metastases confirmed by bone scintigraphy within the last 4 weeks. Evidence of at least 2 bone metastases on bone scan.

• Have castrate levels of testosterone (<50 ng/ml). Treatment to maintain castrate levels of testosterone must be continued.

• Patients who have failed initial hormonal therapy using either an orchiectomy or a GnRH agonist in combination with an antiandrogen must first progress through antiandrogen withdrawal prior to being eligible. The minimum timeframe to document failure of anti-androgen withdrawal will be four weeks.

• Have Karnofsky performance status ≥60%

• Have a life expectancy ≥6 months

• Have the following laboratory requirements:

  • White Blood Count (WBC) ≥3,000/mm3
  • Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) ≥1,500/ mm3
  • Platelet (PLT) ≥100,000/ mm3
  • Hemoglobin (HGB) ≥10 mg/dl
  • Bilirubin ≤2.0 mg/dl (unless the patient has Gilbert's syndrome)
  • AST and ALT ≤2,5 times upper institutional limit of the normal range
  • Serum creatinine ≤2.0 mg/dl

• Must be able and willing to sign an informed consent indicating that he is aware of the investigational nature of this study in keeping with the policies of the institution and have provided written authorization for use and disclosure of protected health information

• Must be willing and able to comply with the protocol, and agrees to return to the hospital for follow-up visits and examination

Exclusion Criteria:

• Have received an investigational drug within 4 weeks prior to the administration of Radium-223 chloride, or is scheduled to receive one during the treatment and post-treatment period

• Have received chemo-, immunotherapy, or external radiotherapy within the last 4 weeks prior to administration of study drug, or has not recovered from acute adverse events as a result of such therapy

• Have received prior hemibody external radiotherapy

• Have a need for immediate external radiotherapy

• Have received systemic radiotherapy with radium-223, strontium-89, samarium-153, rhenium-186 or rhenium-188 for the treatment of bony metastases within the last 24 weeks prior to administration of study drug

• When receiving bisphosphonates, have changed the dose within 4 weeks before administration of study drug

• Have started or stopped systemic steroids within a week prior to study drug administration, or are expected to be subject to changes in the systemic steroid medication

• Have imminent or established spinal cord compression based on clinical findings and/or MRI

• Have other currently active (relapse within the last 3 years) malignancy (except non-melanoma skin cancer) that are not prostate cancer metastases

• Have small cell carcinoma

• Have predominant visceral metastases (≥ 3 lung or liver lesions) or symptomatic lymph-adenopathy (scrotal or pedal edema)

• Any other serious illness or medical condition, for example:

  • any uncontrolled infection
  • any patient who has clinical heart failure severe enough to cause marked limitation of activity, and who is only comfortable at rest; or any patient who has heart failure more severe than this (NYHA Heart Failure Class III or IV)
  • Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis