The number of included patients is sufficient.

The aim of the study is to explore the possibility to identify, at an early stage after a renal graft and from blood samples collected within first months after graft, a predictive transcriptional profile of long term occurence of graft operational tolerance or chronic rejection.

The aim of the study is to determine an early transcriptional profile of chronic rejection in the transcriptome of mononuclear blood cells. Validation and predictivity of transcriptional analysis will be based on graft function and graft histology one year after transplantation.The other aim is to determine an early transcriptional profile of operational tolerance in the same patients using a DNA chip dedicated including two lists of genes discriminating tolerant patients who are stopped immunosuppressant treatment for over a year.

To allow statistical analysis of 100 patients followed one year after graft, patients not assessable at one year due to early termination of study will be replaced.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients aged 18 to 65 years old,
• Donor's age ≤ 60 years old,
• Patients receiving a first cadaveric renal graft,
• Patients taking immunosuppressant treatment including an induction with Simulect at day 0 and day 4, FK 506 (Prograf®) associated with Cellcept and steroids (for three months),
• Patients don't taking indispensable anticoagulant treatment.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patient's age < 18 or > 65 years old,
• Donor's age ≥ 60 years old,
• Pregnant women or breast feeding women,
• Patients receiving a retransplantation, a kidney and pancreas graft or a graft from a living donor,
• Patients taking immunosuppressant treatment without FK 506 (Prograf®), Cellcept and steroids.
• Patients with coagulation troubles or taking indispensable anticoagulant treatment,
• No biopsy before graft.