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The investigators hypothesis is that HVPC with negative polarity diminishes local post-traumatic edema in ankle sprains. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the effect of HVPC on edema secondary to ankle sprains in humans.
Most studies have investigated the effects of HVPC on edema in animals and only one in humans was identified. The studies had showed that HVPC had some advantages for controlling edema in animals but there are not yet conclusive results on the effect of this intervention in humans.For this reason, we proposed a randomized controlled double-blinded clinical trial with three groups of intervention. In our study compared the effects of standard physical therapy treatment with the HVPC with negative and positive polarity.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| HVPC- | Experimental | This group received standard physical therapy treatment and HVPC with negative polarity. |
|
| CG | Active Comparator | The control group received only standard physical therapy treatment. |
|
| HVPC+ | Experimental | This group received standard physical therapy treatment and HVPC using active electrodes with positive polarity. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard physical therapy and HVPC with positive polarity | Device | A high voltage stimulator with positive polarity was used with a direct pulsed monophasic current, double peak, 5 and 8micros duration and separated by a pulsate interval of 75micros and monopolar application with a dispersive electrode in the lumbar region and two transarticular active electrodes. The intensity of the current was under motor level, that is, just before a visible motor response could be observed. The frequency used was 120pps, in a continuous mode and was applied once a day with thirty-minute duration. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain with the visual analogue scale. | The pain was measured before and at the end of the treatment. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Range of movement (ROM) of plantar and dorsal flexion, inversion and eversion were measured with a goniometer. | The ROM was measured before and at the end of the treatment. | |
| Edema was assessed with measures of ankle girth and volume. | The edema was measured before and at the end of the treatment. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Maria Cristina Sandoval Ortiz, M.Sc in P.T. | Industrial University of Santander | Principal Investigator |
| Liliana Carolina Ramirez Ramirez, P.T. | Industrial University of Santander | Principal Investigator |
| Diana Marina Camargo Lemos, M.Sc. Epid. | Industrial University of Santander | Study Chair |
| Tania De Fatima Salvini, Ph.D | Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Industrial University of Santander UIS | Bucaramanga | Santander Department | Colombia |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2185495 | Background | Griffin JW, Newsome LS, Stralka SW, Wright PE. Reduction of chronic posttraumatic hand edema: a comparison of high voltage pulsed current, intermittent pneumatic compression, and placebo treatments. Phys Ther. 1990 May;70(5):279-86. doi: 10.1093/ptj/70.5.279. | |
| 1584856 | Background | Cosgrove KA, Alon G, Bell SF, Fischer SR, Fowler NR, Jones TL, Myaing JC, Crouse TM, Seaman LJ. The electrical effect of two commonly used clinical stimulators on traumatic edema in rats. Phys Ther. 1992 Mar;72(3):227-33. doi: 10.1093/ptj/72.3.227. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| Universidad Industrial de Santander - Home page | View source |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D016512 | Ankle Injuries |
| D013180 | Sprains and Strains |
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |
| D007249 | Inflammation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007869 | Leg Injuries |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004558 | Electric Stimulation |
| D059039 | Standard of Care |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010812 | Physical Stimulation |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D019984 | Quality Indicators, Health Care |
| D011787 | Quality of Health Care |
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|
|
| high voltage pulse stimulation with negative polarity | Device | A high voltage stimulator with negative polarity was used with a direct pulsed monophasic current, double peak, 5 and 8micros duration and separated by a pulsate interval of 75micros and monopolar application with a dispersive electrode in the lumbar region and two transarticular active electrodes. The intensity of the current was under motor level, that is, just before a visible motor response could be observed. The frequency used was 120pps, in a continuous mode and was applied once a day with thirty-minute duration. |
|
|
| standard physical therapy treatment | Other |
|
|
|
| Some descriptive variables of gait such as step and stride length, and the gait speed. | The variables of gait were measured before and at the end of the treatment |
| 9413451 | Background | Taylor K, Mendel FC, Fish DR, Hard R, Burton HW. Effect of high-voltage pulsed current and alternating current on macromolecular leakage in hamster cheek pouch microcirculation. Phys Ther. 1997 Dec;77(12):1729-40. doi: 10.1093/ptj/77.12.1729. |
| 1728050 | Background | Taylor K, Fish DR, Mendel FC, Burton HW. Effect of a single 30-minute treatment of high voltage pulsed current on edema formation in frog hind limbs. Phys Ther. 1992 Jan;72(1):63-8. doi: 10.1093/ptj/72.1.63. |
| 1946611 | Background | Fish DR, Mendel FC, Schultz AM, Gottstein-Yerke LM. Effect of anodal high voltage pulsed current on edema formation in frog hind limbs. Phys Ther. 1991 Oct;71(10):724-30; discussion 730-3. doi: 10.1093/ptj/71.10.724. |
| 1508974 | Background | Mendel FC, Wylegala JA, Fish DR. Influence of high voltage pulsed current on edema formation following impact injury in rats. Phys Ther. 1992 Sep;72(9):668-73. doi: 10.1093/ptj/72.9.668. |
| 2315384 | Background | Bettany JA, Fish DR, Mendel FC. Influence of high voltage pulsed direct current on edema formation following impact injury. Phys Ther. 1990 Apr;70(4):219-24. doi: 10.1093/ptj/70.4.219. |
| 2375674 | Background | Bettany JA, Fish DR, Mendel FC. High-voltage pulsed direct current: effect on edema formation after hyperflexion injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1990 Aug;71(9):677-81. |
| 1584859 | Background | Karnes JL, Mendel FC, Fish DR. Effects of low voltage pulsed current on edema formation in frog hind limbs following impact injury. Phys Ther. 1992 Apr;72(4):273-8. doi: 10.1093/ptj/72.4.273. |
| 9555921 | Background | Thornton RM, Mendel FC, Fish DR. Effects of electrical stimulation on edema formation in different strains of rats. Phys Ther. 1998 Apr;78(4):386-94. doi: 10.1093/ptj/78.4.386. |
| 14608432 | Background | Dolan MG, Mychaskiw AM, Mendel FC. Cool-Water Immersion and High-Voltage Electric Stimulation Curb Edema Formation in Rats. J Athl Train. 2003 Sep;38(3):225-230. |
| 7717840 | Background | Karnes JL, Mendel FC, Fish DR, Burton HW. High-voltage pulsed current: its influence on diameters of histamine-dilated arterioles in hamster cheek pouches. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1995 Apr;76(4):381-6. doi: 10.1016/s0003-9993(95)80665-2. |
| 14737215 | Background | Dolan MG, Mychaskiw AM, Mattacola CG, Mendel FC. Effects of Cool-Water Immersion and High-Voltage Electric Stimulation for 3 Continuous Hours on Acute Edema in Rats. J Athl Train. 2003 Dec;38(4):325-329. |
| 15970957 | Background | Dolan MG, Graves P, Nakazawa C, Delano T, Hutson A, Mendel FC. Effects of Ibuprofen and High-Voltage Electric Stimulation on Acute Edema Formation After Blunt Trauma to Limbs of Rats. J Athl Train. 2005 Jun;40(2):111-115. |
| 3499622 | Background | Mohr TM, Akers TK, Landry RG. Effect of high voltage stimulation on edema reduction in the rat hind limb. Phys Ther. 1987 Nov;67(11):1703-7. doi: 10.1093/ptj/67.11.1703. |
| 7972365 | Background | Cook HA, Morales M, La Rosa EM, Dean J, Donnelly MK, McHugh P, Otradovec A, Wright KS, Kula T, Tepper SH. Effects of electrical stimulation on lymphatic flow and limb volume in the rat. Phys Ther. 1994 Nov;74(11):1040-6. doi: 10.1093/ptj/74.11.1040. |
| 16558209 | Background | Mendel FC, Fish DR. New Perspectives in Edema Control via Electrical Stimulation. J Athl Train. 1993 Spring;28(1):63-74. |
| 2451258 | Background | Reed BV. Effect of high voltage pulsed electrical stimulation on microvascular permeability to plasma proteins. A possible mechanism in minimizing edema. Phys Ther. 1988 Apr;68(4):491-5. doi: 10.1093/ptj/68.4.491. |
| 20730362 | Derived | Sandoval MC, Ramirez C, Camargo DM, Salvini TF. Effect of high-voltage pulsed current plus conventional treatment on acute ankle sprain. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2010 May-Jun;14(3):193-9. doi: 10.1590/s1413-35552010000300012. |
| Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos - Home page | View source |
| D006298 | Health Services Administration |
| D017530 | Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation |