BioCart™II is a novel scaffold seeded with autologous chondrocytes to be used to repair cartilage lesions of the knee. This study is designed to compare the efficacy and safety of BioCart™II treatment compared to microfracture which is the classical method of treatment.

Full thickness cartilage lesions are typically incapable of self repair, are a source of pain and morbidity and lead to early onset osteoarthritis. A classical method of treatment has been microfracture where holes are drilled in the subchondral bone to allow influx of bone marrow cells which fill and repair the lesion. The resulting repair has been reported to be mixed fibrocartilage which is recognized to be less efficient and durable than hyaline cartilage, the physiological material making up the joint. In autologous chondrocyte implantation, a sample of cartilage is removed from a non-weight bearing region of the joint and the cells are grown and expanded in culture and then returned to the knee to repair the damaged cartilage. For implantation with BioCart™II, the chondrocytes are grown in the presence of proprietary growth factors which maintain the chondrocytes in optimal condition for subsequent repair. For implantation, the cells are seeded on a completely human three dimensional spongelike scaffold which holds the cells in the correct topology to allow for a rapid repair of the damaged joint with true physiological cartilage. BioCart™II is user friendly for the surgeon and patient alike giving it an advantage over other methods for autologous chondrocyte implantation that are in clinical use.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 16 to 60 years
• Femoral condyle lesion (medial, lateral or trochlea)
• Single contained lesion
• Symptomatic (moderate to severe pain on VAS)
• Caused by trauma or OCD
• Depth of lesion up to 6 mm
• Size of lesion 1.5-7.5 cm2
• No general bone or cartilage pathology
• No limb mal-alignment (long leg standing X-ray)
• Mechanically stable knee
• Accompanying pathology menisectomy up to 50%
• Willing and able to comply with protocol and undergo vigorous rehabilitation
• Signed informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Multiple cartilage lesions of the knee, other location than femoral condyle (medial, lateral or trochlear), deeper than 6 mm, smaller than 1.5cm2 or greater than 7.5cm2, mild symptoms, caused by reason other than trauma or OCD, unstable knee, accompanying pathology other than 50% menisectomy.
• Hyaluronic acid knee injections in the past 3 months,
• History of chronic bone or cartilage disorder, bilateral knee pain and/or cartilage lesion
• History of any neoplastic disease, or chemotherapy treatment
• Chronic steroid intake, chronic pain medication use for conditions other than the involved knee, use of blood thinners (during the past 10 days prior to enrollment)
• History of allergy or atopic disease, sensitivity to blood products
• Evidence of any significant systemic disease, known coagulopathies or acute injury that might compromise the patient's welfare
• Pregnant or lactating women
• Substance or alcohol abuse
• Microfracture to the affected knee within the previous 2 years
• Participation in concurrent trials
• Participation in previous trials within 3 months
• Malignancy
• Taking specific drugs for osteoarthritis, such as chondroitin sulfate, diacerein, n-glucosamine, piaseledine, or capsaicin within 2 weeks of the baseline visit
• Chronic use of anticoagulants
• Uncontrolled diabetes
• Active joint infection
• Other unstable cardiac and pulmonary disorder
• Liver enzymes (SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase) of more then two times the upper limit of normal or any other results that in the clinical investigator's mind is important clinically
• Clinical and/or radiographic disease in the indexed affected joint that includes:
• Osteoarthritis or avascular necrosis
• Rheumatoid arthritis or a history of septic or reactive arthritis
• Gout or a history of gout or pseudogout in the affected knee
• Osteochondritis dissecans of the knee with significant bone loss
• Bipolar articular cartilage involvement (or kissing lesions) of the ipsilateral compartment (i.e >than ICRS grade 2 on the opposing articular surface)
• Associated damage to the underlying subchondral bone requiring an osteochondral graft
• History of secondary arthropathies (i.e. sickle cell disease, Hemochromatosis, or autoimmune disease)
• Receiving prescription pain medication other than NSAIDs or acetaminophen for conditions unrelated to the index knee conditions
• BMI >40 kg/m2
• Unable to undergo MRI
• Any reasons making the patient a poor candidate in the eyes of the investigator