We propose to study the episode rate, duration, and quantity of HSV-2 genital shedding in patients taking standard, FDA approved, CDC recommended doses of acyclovir (400 mg PO BID) for HSV-2 suppression compared to taking no medication to better define the effect of acyclovir on short bursts of rapidly cleared HSV-2 shedding. This study will be a randomized, open label, cross-over trial. We hypothesize that short bursts of HSV-2 reactivation will not be suppressed by acyclovir.

We propose to study the episode rate, duration, and quantity of HSV-2 genital shedding in patients taking standard, FDA approved, CDC recommended doses of acyclovir (400 mg PO BID) for HSV-2 suppression compared to taking no medication to better define the effect of acyclovir on short bursts of rapidly cleared HSV-2 shedding. This study will be a randomized, open label, cross-over trial.

We propose to perform this study in two study populations. Cohort 1 will be comprised of 25 HSV-2 seropositive, HIV seronegative adults, and Cohort 2 will be comprised of 25 HSV-2 seropositive, HIV seropositive adults with a CD4 count>250 cells/mm3. As suppression of HSV-2 using acyclovir is currently being studied in large, multi-center, international clinical trials as an HIV prevention strategy, these results will have broad implications for public health around the world.

Inclusion Criteria:

COHORT 1: HIV seronegative

1. Older than 18 years;
2. HSV-2 seropositive by Western Blot;
3. not receiving any drugs with known anti-HSV-2 activity for study duration;
4. women of child bearing potential who are sexually active with men must be using a medically accepted method of contraception as judged by the investigator;
5. women of child-bearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test (urine) at screening visit;
6. in general good health, without other serious medical conditions and specifically with normal renal and hepatic function, as determined by the patient's medical history;
7. planning to remain resident in the area of the study center for the duration of the study participation;
8. HIV seronegative

COHORT 2: HIV seropositive

1. Older than18 years;
2. HSV-2 seropositive by Western Blot;
3. not receiving any drugs with known anti-HSV-2 activity for study duration;
4. women of child bearing potential who are sexually active with men must be using a medically accepted method of contraception as judged by the investigator;
5. women of child-bearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test (urine) at screening visit;
6. in general good health, without other serious medical conditions and specifically with normal renal and hepatic function, as determined by the patient's medical history;
7. planning to remain resident in the area of the study center for the duration of the study participation;
8. HIV seropositive
9. CD4 count over 250 cell/mm3
10. Not taking antiretroviral therapy

Exclusion Criteria:

For both cohorts:

1. hypersensitivity to acyclovir or valacyclovir;
2. pregnant women;
3. Taking immunosuppressive therapies, such as chronic oral steroids or immune modulatory drugs.

For cohort 2:

1. CD4 count<250 cell/mm3
2. Taking antiretroviral therapy at the time of study entry

Adverse event data was collected during the 9 week study period.

Adverse event data is reported only for 38 participants who completed both arms the trial.

The study was performed at a single site and enrolled a mostly white population. Whether these results are generalizable to other populations is not known.