The purpose of this study is to determine whether talactoferrin can improve overall survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have been previously treated with two or more regimens.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Histologically or cytologically confirmed stage IIIB or IV NSCLC
• Failed at least 2 prior systemic anti-cancer regimens for advanced or metastatic NSCLC
• At least one target lesion that is unirradiated and measurable by RECIST
• Adequate hematologic, renal and hepatic function
• ECOG 0, 1, or 2
• Able to understand and sign an Informed Consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Presence of brain metastases, unless the patient received brain irradiation, including adequate stereotactic radiosurgery, at least 4 weeks prior to randomization, and is stable, asymptomatic, and off steroids for at least 3 weeks prior to randomization
• Any gastrointestinal tract disease or other medical condition resulting in the inability to take oral medications
• History of other malignancies except: (i) adequately treated basal or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin; (ii) curatively treated, a) in situ carcinoma of the uterine cervix, b) prostate cancer, or c) superficial bladder cancer; or (iii) other curatively treated solid tumor with no evidence of disease for ≥ 5 years
• Uncontrolled ischemic heart disease, or uncontrolled symptomatic congestive heart failure
• Serious active infection
• Psychiatric illness/ social situations that would limit study compliance
• Other uncontrolled serious chronic disease or conditions that in the investigator's opinion could affect compliance or follow-up in the protocol
• Concurrent radiotherapy to any site or radiotherapy within 4 weeks prior to randomization or previous radiotherapy to the target lesion sites (the sites that are to be followed for determination of a response)
• Known HIV positive or on active anti-retroviral therapy
• Known Hepatitis B surface antigen positive or hepatitis C positive
• Receipt of any investigational medication within 4 weeks prior to randomization
• Pregnant or lactating patients, or fertile female patients with a positive pregnancy test, or fertile female patients unwilling to use adequate contraception during treatment and 30 days after completion of treatment
• Sexually active male patients unwilling to practice contraception while participating on the study and up to 30 days after completion of treatment
• Legal incapacity or limited legal capacity, unless authorization is granted by a legal guardian