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Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common and important disorder. Previous studies have demonstrated the association of obesity with GERD, and now obesity is regarded as a risk factor for GERD. Moreover, body mass index (BMI), an indicator of general obesity, correlates with severity of symptoms and degree of erosive esophagitis. Waist circumference, an indicator of abdominal obesity, has stronger correlation with intra-abdominal pressure and low-grade inflammatory state when compared with BMI. Nevertheless the association of waist circumference with severity of GERD has not been studied.
The primary aim of this study is to compare BMI with waist circumference for their independent association with severity of GERD. The secondary aim is to evaluate independent risk factors of severity of GERD.
This is a cross-section observational study. Outpatients presenting with acid reflux or heart burn are interviewed with standardized questionnaire to quantify severity of symptoms. The eligible patients undergo upper endoscopy to diagnose erosive esophagitis and further classify the degree of erosions according to Los-Angels classification. Enrolled patients receive anthropometric measurements to record body weight, body height and waist circumference on the day of enrollment.
Two outcomes are studied: the severity of GERD symptoms and the Los-Angels Classification of erosive esophagitis.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| NERD | patients with typical gastro-reflux symptoms but no erosions were discernible on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy |
| |
| EE | Patients with both typical gastroesophageal reflux symptoms and characteristic flam-like erosions as demonstrated on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy |
| |
| FD | Patients report no typical reflux symptoms but fulfill diagnostic criteria of functional dyspepsia, whose upper gastrointestinal endoscopy are negative. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometric measurements | Other | All patients undergo anthropometric measurements to record body weight, body height and waist circumference on the day of enrollment |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| the degree fo erosive esophagitis according to Los-Angels classification | on the day of endoscopy examination |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| gastro-reflux severity score as evaluated by standardized questionnaire | at enrollment (before upper GI endoscopy) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Outpatients at a general hospital with 1000 beds in north-eastern Taiwan
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Yao-Chun Hsu, M.D. | Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Ilan, Taiwan | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital | Lotung Town, Ilan County | 265 | Taiwan |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005764 | Gastroesophageal Reflux |
| D009765 | Obesity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015154 | Esophageal Motility Disorders |
| D003680 | Deglutition Disorders |
| D004935 | Esophageal Diseases |
| D005767 | Gastrointestinal Diseases |
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| D004066 | Digestive System Diseases |
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |