Project not initiated

To determine the association of both neurohormonal and hemodynamic alterations associated with metabolic abnormalities in acute heart failure syndrome.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adult (age > 18 yrs) patients admitted to the Heart Failure Intensive Care Unit (H22) with Acute Heart Failure Syndrome (AHFS) requiring placement of a Pulmonary Artery catheter for hemodynamically guided therapy.

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of Congenital Heart Disease.
• Acute HF in the setting of acute myocardial infarction.
• Severe Anemia
• Patients listed for cardiac transplantation.
• Terminal Malignancy, AIDS or CNS disease.
• Concomitant sepsis, ARDS, trauma, aortic dissection, or pericardial tamponade

Adult (age > 18 yrs) patients admitted to the Heart Failure Intensive Care Unit (H22) with Acute Heart Failure Syndrome (AHFS) requiring placement of a Pulmonary Artery catheter for hemodynamically guided therapy.