A Randomized Clinical Trial To Study Losartan On Endothelial Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance In Obese Patients

Protocol Merck 318-00: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Parallel, Clinical Trial To Study The Effect Of Losartan Potassium On Endothelial Dysfunction And Insulin Resistance In Obese Patients With Impaired Fasting Glucose

The main purposes of this study are to find out if the study drug losartan (Cozaar) or placebo ("sugar pill") has an effect on insulin sensitivity (how your body responds to insulin) and to measure the effect of the study drug losartan or placebo on how the arteries in your arm dilate (enlarge to carry more blood).

We hope to learn if taking losartan changes the amount of certain proteins in the blood that effect blood vessel function.

Losartan is approved by the US FDA to treat high blood pressure. It will take approximately 4 months for you to complete this study.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Currently taking 1 or no antihypertensive medication
• Male and female between 18 and 75 years of age
• Mean trough sitting diastolic blood pressure (SiDBP) ≥80 and < 100 mm Hg
• Mean trough sitting systolic blood pressure (SiSBP) ≥120 and <160 mm Hg
• Non-diabetic patients with fasting plasma glucose ≥100 mg/dL and <126 mg/dL
• Body mass index (BMI) >30 and <40
• Waist circumference >40 inches in males, > 35 inches in females
• A patient who is of reproductive potential and agrees to remain abstinent or use acceptable methods of birth control (intrauterine device (IUD), diaphragm with spermicide, contraceptive sponge, condom, hormonal contraception, vasectomy) within the projected duration of the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Secondary hypertension of any etiology (renal artery stenosis, coarctation of the aorta or pheochromocytoma, hypertension induced by oral contraceptives)
• History of malignant hypertension
• Any clinically significant renal disease including single functioning kidney, and known history of anuria. Any severe renal impairment, as manifested by serum creatinine more than 1.5 mg/dL, or proteinuria >2+ by urine dipstick
• Known sensitivity or intolerance to angiotensin II receptor antagonists
• Type I or II diabetes
• Inability or unwillingness to abstain from taking prohibited medications during the study period
• History of myocardial infarction (MI), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), congestive heart failure (CHF), unstable angina, transient ischemic attack (TIA), or cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
• Concomitant cardiac conditions that would make it unsafe to participate in the trial (e.g., clinically significant atrioventricular (AV) conduction disturbance, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, potentially life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, decompensated valvular disease, presence of hemodynamically significant obstructive valvular disease, or cardiomyopathy)
• History of angioedema and/or organ damage from hypertension
• Serum potassium < 3.5 or > 5.5 mEq/L
• Any clinically significant laboratory value which in the investigator's judgment could be clinically significant to the outcome of this study.
• History of clinically important gastrointestinal resection or malabsorption
• Patient with a history or current evident of any condition, therapy, lab abnormality, or other circumstance that might confound the results of the study, or interfere with the patient's participation for the full duration of the study, such that it is not in the best interest of the patient to participate. (Including but not limited to: recent or current alcoholism, drug abuse within the prior 2 years, mental or legal incapacitation, any disease which could reasonably be expected to be fatal or life-threatening, or a history of malignancy ≤ 5 years prior to signing informed consent.)
• Currently participating or has participated in a study with an investigational compound or device within 30 days of signing informed consent.
• Inability to be taken off all current antihypertensive medication and placed on placebo for up to 12 weeks.
• Unwillingness or unlikely to adhere to the study procedures, keep appointments, or is planning to relocate during the study.
• Arm circumference great than 52 cm
• Smokers or former smokers who have quite less than 1 year prior to Visit 1
• Anemia (Hemoglobin < 11)
• Allergy to latex
• Deformed hands and/or fingers that would interfere with the collection of pulse volume amplitude measurements
• History of Raynaud's disease or any other vascular condition
• Bilateral mastectomy
• Aortic stenosis
• Patient is taking high doses of antioxidant supplements (vitamins, minerals, or other)