Hepatic Arterial Infusion of Floxuridine, Gemcitabine Hydrochloride, and Radiolabeled Monoclonal Antibody Therapy in Treating Liver Metastases in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Previously Treated With Surgery

A Phase I/II Trial of Radioimmunotherapy (Y-90 cT84.66), Gemcitabine and Hepatic Arterial Infusion of Fudr for Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma to the Liver

RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as floxuridine and gemcitabine hydrochloride, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Hepatic arterial infusion uses a catheter to carry cancer-killing substances directly into the liver. Radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies can find tumor cells and carry tumor-killing substances to them without harming normal cells. Giving hepatic arterial infusion of floxuridine together with gemcitabine hydrochloride and radiolabeled monoclonal antibody therapy after surgery may kill any tumor cells that remain after surgery.

PURPOSE: This phase I/II trial is studying the side effects and best dose of floxuridine when given as a hepatic arterial infusion together with gemcitabine hydrochloride and radiolabeled monoclonal antibody therapy and to see how well it works in treating liver metastases in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

OBJECTIVES:

I. To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and associated toxicities of concurrent hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) fluorodeoxypyrimidine (FUdR)/Decadron and intravenous gemcitabine combined with intravenous yttrium-90 (^90Y) chimeric T84.66 (cT84.66) in colorectal cancer patients after hepatic resection or maximum surgical debulking (to < 3 cm) of liver metastases.

II. To study the feasibility and toxicities of such adjuvant therapy following resection and/or ablation of liver metastases.

III. To evaluate the biodistribution, clearance and metabolism of ^90Y and ^111In (indium-iii) chimeric T84.66 administered intravenously.

IV. To estimate radiation doses to whole body, normal organs, and tumor through serial nuclear imaging.

V. To correlate proteomic profiles pre and post-therapy with toxicities and anti-tumor effects.

OUTLINE: This is a phase I, dose-escalation study of floxuridine followed by a phase II study.

Patients receive floxuridine as a continuous hepatic arterial infusion on days 1-14 and gemcitabine hydrochloride IV over 30 minutes on days 9 and 11. Patients also receive yttrium Y 90 anti-CEA monoclonal antibody cT84.66 IV over 25 minutes on day 9. Treatment repeats every 6 weeks for up to 3 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Patients may receive an additional course of floxuridine in combination with systemic therapy at the discretion of the treating physician.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 3 and 6 months.

Inclusion

• Patients must have a Karnofsky performance status of >= 60%; this must be met pre-surgery and pre-study therapy
• Patients must have histological confirmation of colorectal carcinoma and present with potentially resectable or abatable metachronous or synchronous hepatic metastases
• Patients must have colorectal tumors that produce CEA as documented by either immunohistochemistry or by an elevated serum CEA
• Prior radiotherapy, immunotherapy, or chemotherapy must have been completed at least four weeks prior to start of FUdR/RIT therapy on this study (6 weeks if mitomycin-C or nitrosoureas were part of last therapy) and patients must have recovered from all expected side effects of the prior therapy
• Laboratory values must be met pre-surgery and pre-study therapy
• Hemoglobin > 10 gm % (patients may be transfused to reach a hemoglobin > 10 gm %)
• WBC > 4000/ul
• Absolute granulocyte count of > 1,500/mm^3
• Platelets > 150,000/ul
• Patients may have history of prior malignancy for which the patient has been disease-free for five years with the exception of basal or squamous cell skin cancers or carcinoma in situ of the cervix
• Patients must have no prior history of radiation therapy to the liver
• Total bilirubin < 1.5 (unless reversibly obstructed due to the metastatic tumor)
• Serum creatinine of < 2.0
• Patients must have evidence of intrahepatic metastases involving < 60% of the functioning liver
• Patients cannot have evidence of extrahepatic disease with the following exceptions: patients known to have a resectable "anastomotic" or local recurrence of their tumor; patients who undergoing their initial surgery for resection of their primary colorectal carcinoma can have potentially resectable porta hepatis and/or mesenteric lymph node involvement in addition to liver metastases; patients who have disease extension from the liver metastasis that can be resected en bloc (e.g., diaphragm, kidney, and abdominal wall); patients who have minimal, potentially resectable to less than 3 cm extrahepatic disease
• The pre-operative eligibility checklist must be completed
• If a patient has previously received murine or chimeric antibody, then serum anti-antibody testing must be negative (This must be met pre-surgery if possible)
• Serum HIV testing and hepatitis B surface antigen and C antibody testing must be negative
• Women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test prior to entry and while on study must be practicing an effective form of contraception (This must be met pre-surgery and pre-study therapy)
• Patients must have resectable or abatable liver metastases as determined by the attending surgeon
• Colorectal carcinoma must be confined to the liver except as noted above
• Patients with limited extrahepatic disease as defined (primary, lymph node, or anastomotic recurrence) must have disease resected or debulked to less than 3 cm in greatest dimension
• To receive study therapy, patients must be at least 3 weeks post-surgery but no more than 16 weeks post surgery and without evidence of post-operative complications, such as infection or poor wound healing
• Patients must have < 40% liver resected at the close of completion of the hepatic resection

Exclusion

• Patients that have received radiation therapy to greater than 50% of their bone marrow
• Patients with any nonmalignant intercurrent illness (example cardiovascular, pulmonary, or central nervous system disease) which is either poorly controlled with currently available treatment or which is of such severity that the investigators deem it unwise to enter the patient on protocol shall be ineligible
• Biopsy-proven chronic active hepatitis