In this two-year study, we will target two high risk groups, including MSM of HIV-infected and those of non-HIV-infected. We will avail the serodiagnosis to detect the potential amebic carriers in both groups; and use microscopy to detect protozoas other than amebiasis. Meanwhile we will also survey the patients' status of sexual transmitted diseases (STD). For the amebic carriers, we will apply specific antigen and molecular biologic method to follow up the duration of the persistence of fecal amebas. We try to clarify the dynamic change of amebic carriage.

HIV-infected persons who are men having sex with men (MSM) are prone to acquire invasive amebiasis. It would cast great threat for public health if the pathogens are spread by way of human to human transmission and food contamination.

From 2000 to 2004, we assessed the seroprevalence of Entamoeba histolytica infection using indirect hemagglutination antibody (IHA) assay among 667 HIV-infected persons (group 1), 1311 asymptomatic HIV-uninfected persons seeking anonymous HIV testing (group 2), 616 HIV-uninfected controls with gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea and/or liver abscess) seeking medical care (group 3), and 2500 healthy controls undergoing health check-up (group 4). An IHA titer greater than 128 was detected in 7.1% of group 1, 2.5% of group 2, 1.8% of group 3, and 0.1% of group 4 (p<0.0001). The highest seroprevalence (11.2%) was noted among HIV-infected persons who were MSM aged 30 to 39 years. Compared with persons with gastrointestinal symptoms, the adjusted odds ratio for having high IHA titers among HIV-infected persons was 3.206 (95% confidence interval, 1.433, 7.176) (p=0.005). These findings demonstrate that HIV-infected persons, especially MSM aged 30 to 39 years, are at significantly higher risk of E. histolytica infection.

In this two-year study, we will target two high risk groups, including MSM of HIV-infected and those of non-HIV-infected. We will avail the serodiagnosis to detect the potential amebic carriers in both groups; and use microscopy to detect protozoas other than amebiasis. Meanwhile we will also survey the patients' status of sexual transmitted diseases (STD). For the amebic carriers, we will apply specific antigen and molecular biologic method to follow up the duration of the persistence of fecal amebas. We try to clarify the dynamic change of amebic carriage.

We anticipate this study could outline the epidemiology and risk factors of protozoal infections and STD in MSM cohorts. We also hope to reduce the the infection rate (protozoa and HIV) and disease rate (STD) through the repetitively effective health education and consultation during the conduct of this study.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Clinical diagnosis of HIV-1 Disease
• Clinical diagnosis of Intestinal protozoal infections