The purpose of this research study is to test a tumor (cancer) vaccine given along with chemotherapy to determine if this vaccine will increase the chances of the tumor shrinking and/or the amount of time that people who have this disease will live.

After initial diagnosis patients will be treated with a standard platinum/etoposide regimen. This standard first-line chemotherapy may/will be administered to patients under the direction of their primary medical oncologist inside or outside of the Moffitt Cancer Center. Patients will receive the platinum drug on day 1 and etoposide on days 1-3 of each 21-day cycle for 4-6 cycles. Patients who have progressive disease (PD) at this point are changed to second line chemotherapy, and will not be eligible to participate in this clinical trial. Patients who achieve a complete response (CR), partial response (PR), or stable disease (SD) after standard first-line chemotherapy will be enrolled. Radiographic studies and tumor measurements are repeated 3-6 weeks after the last dose of chemotherapy (+/- PCI) and may be repeated after prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) at the discretion of the principal investigator (PI) and treating physician.

PCI will be permitted at the discretion of the treating oncologist(s). The initial radiation consultation and simulation should occur as soon as the final staging has occurred. Ideally, treatment should commence 1-2 weeks after final staging has been confirmed and will be administered in 10-15 fractions over a 2-3 week period, as recommended by the treating radiation oncologist. Although steroid use is not prohibited, it is recommended and preferred that they not be used during PCI (steroids will have to be discontinued ≥ 2 weeks before first vaccination). PCI can also be considered between vaccines #4 and #5 or vaccine #5 and #6 in those patients eligible for the second course of vaccinations. Systemic dose of steroids will NOT be allowed in these cases unless strictly necessary and after discussion with the PI.

Patients who achieve CR, PR or SD after the completion of first line chemotherapy +/- PCI will be screened for initial registration. Screening tests and procedures will be performed approximately 4-6 weeks after the completion of first line chemotherapy or 6-9 weeks after completion of PCI. Ideally, screening should be completed 1-2 weeks prior to leukopheresis.

Patients who successfully complete the screening exams for initial registration will be randomized into one of three study arms.

Inclusion Criteria at the time of initial registration:

• Patients must have a histological confirmed diagnosis of Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)

• Must have extensive stage SCLC

• Must have completed first line chemotherapy: 4-6 cycles of a standard platinum/etoposide regimen and PCI if chosen at the discretion of the treating Oncologist

• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-2

• Acceptable (adequate) organ function including:

  • White blood count (WBC) >2,500/mm³ and Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >1,200/mm³
  • Platelets > 75,000/mm³
  • Hematocrit > 24% OR Hemoglobin ≥8.5g/dl
  • Bilirubin < 2.0 mg/dl
  • Creatinine < 2.0 mg/dl
  • Aspartic transaminase (AST/SGOT) ≤2 x upper limit of normal (ULN)
  • Alkaline phosphatase ≤3 x ULN

• Patients must have achieved responsive or non-progressive disease status (stable disease [SD], partial response [PR], or complete response [CR]) assessed 4-6 weeks after the last cycle of first line chemotherapy. SD, PR or CR may be confirmed after completion of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) at the discretion of the principal investigator (PI) after discussion with the treating oncologist.

• Males and Females of reproductive potential must agree to use effective contraception during the study and for at least 4 weeks after the last dose of ATRA. Patients are instructed and agree to notify the principal investigator should a pregnancy occur for themselves or their partner.

• Willing and able to sign written informed consent and be able to comply with the study protocol for the duration of the study

Exclusion Criteria at the time of initial registration:

• Patients with severe, uncontrolled intercurrent illness or infection
• Anticipated requirement for systemic chronic steroid use at the time of vaccination, unless specifically indicated for dose supplementation or replacement of established corticosteroid insufficiency
• Receiving systemic doses of corticosteroids should have them discontinued ≥ 2 weeks prior to starting vaccination (this include patients receiving steroids with PCI). Inhaled steroids should also be discontinued if at all possible. Chronic, stable doses of inhaled steroids for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), etc. are allowed if in the opinion of the treating physician(s) they cannot be stopped.
• Any pre-existing immunodeficiency condition, or a known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C
• Uncontrolled and/or symptomatic central nervous system (CNS) metastasis
• Pregnant or lactating women. A pregnancy test-serum Beta human chorionic gonadotropin (bHCG) will be obtained during the screening process.
• Have received any chemotherapy other than the first line chemotherapy specified in the study protocol: standard platinum/etoposide regimen
• Have received any prior investigational drugs including immunotherapy, gene therapy, hormone therapy, biologic therapy for treatment of SCLC
• Any known pre-existing autoimmune disorder
• History of a second malignancy within the previous 3 years. Exceptions include: non-melanoma skin cancers, any in-situ carcinomas and successfully treated early stage malignancies without evidence of recurrence for > 18 months.
• Have not recovered from any chemotherapy-related or other therapy-related toxicity at study entry
• Have had major surgery without full recovery or major surgery within 3 weeks of the start of vaccine treatment
• Patients with other significant diseases or disorders that, in the Investigator's opinion, would exclude them from the study

Pre-Pheresis Criteria:

• Patients must have had a successful harvest of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) with leukopheresis at least 6-10 weeks after chemotherapy.

• ECOG performance status of 0-2

• The last dose of first line chemotherapy must have been administered at least 4 weeks prior to the first vaccine administration.

• Patients who received radiation therapy: last dose of radiation must have been completed at least 2 weeks prior to the first vaccine administration and the patient must have recovered from the toxic effects of the treatment prior to study enrollment (except for alopecia)

• Patients who received steroid therapy: last steroid dose must have been given at least 2 weeks prior to the first vaccine administration

• Adequate organ function:

  • WBC > 2,500/mm³ and ANC >1,200/mm³
  • Platelets > 75,000/mm³
  • Hematocrit > 25%
  • Hemoglobin ≥9g/dl
  • Bilirubin < 2.0 mg/dl
  • Creatinine < 2.0 mg/dL
  • AST/SGOT ≤ 2 x ULN
  • Alkaline phosphatase < 3 x ULN

• Patients must have signed informed consent at initial registration.

• HLA-A*0201 Testing as determined by flow cytometry followed by molecular analysis of a peripheral blood specimen, however this result will not be an inclusion criterion

Pre-Paclitaxel Eligibility:

• Progressive disease after observation (Arm A) or vaccinations (Arms B and C)

• ECOG performance status of 0-2

• Adequate organ function:

  • WBC > 2,500/mm³ and ANC >1,200/mm³
  • Platelets > 75,000/mm³
  • Hematocrit > 25%
  • Hemoglobin ≥9g/dl
  • Bilirubin < 2.0 mg/dl
  • Creatinine < 2.0 mg/dL
  • AST/SGOT ≤ 2 x ULN
  • Alkaline phosphatase < 3 x ULN