Ureteral stent placement is one of the most common procedures performed within urology. The stents are generally placed for relief of obstruction or to prevent obstruction following a urological procedure. Most patients with ureteral stents will eventually form stent encrustations. However, patients form these encrustations at dramatically different degrees and rates ranging from no encrustation at 1 year of stenting to severe encrustation in just a few weeks. The purpose of this study is to determine if the degree of encrustation on a stent for any given patient can be predicted based on 24 hour urine parameters prior to stent placement, with the stent in place and after stent removal.

Patients who will be receiving stents for other urological reasons will have a 24 hour urine sample collected before stent placement, while the stent is in place and after the stent has been removed. The parameters examined in the 24 hour urine collected will then be compared to the amount of encrustation there is on the stent to see if there is any correlation between the two.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patient at UCI
• Scheduled to undergo surgery (standard of care) where ureteral stent will be placed

Exclusion Criteria:

• minors

All patients who will undergo surgery where a ureteral stent will likely be placed will be offered enrollment into this study.