A 10-point visual analog scale (VAS) was used to measure anxiety. The patients marked on the scale their feeling of anxiety. The lowest value possible was 0 (no anxiety) and the highest value possible was 10 (highest possible anxiety).

The analysis was done on the patients who completed the assessment. One patient in the randomized midazolam arm, 2 patients in the placebo arm, and 1 patient in the prospective midazolam arm did not complete this assessment.

A 10-point visual analog scale (VAS) was used to measure alertness. The patients marked on the scale their feeling of alertness. The lowest value possible was 0 (awake) and the highest value possible was 10 (barely awake).

The analysis was done on the patients who completed the assessment. One patient in the randomized midazolam arm did not complete this assessment.

A 10-point visual analog scale (VAS) was used to measure alertness. The patients marked on the scale their feeling of alertness. The lowest value possible was 0 (awake) and the highest value possible was 10 (barely awake).

The analysis was done on the patients who completed the assessment. One patient in the randomized midazolam arm and 1 patient in the prospective midazolam arm did not complete this assessment.

A 10-point visual analog scale (VAS) was used to measure anxiety. The patients marked on the scale their feeling of anxiety. The lowest value possible was 0 (no anxiety) and the highest value possible was 10 (highest possible anxiety).

The analysis was done on the patients who completed the assessment. One patient in the randomized midazolam arm did not complete this assessment.

Cognitive function was measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), a brief 30 point questionnaire test. The scores can range from 0 (low cognitive function) to 30 (high cognitive function).

The analysis was done on the patients who completed the assessment. One patient in the prospective midazolam arm did not complete this assessment.

Cognitive function was measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), a brief 30 point questionnaire test. The scores can range from 0 (low cognitive function) to 30 (high cognitive function).

The analysis was done on the patients who completed the assessment. Two patients in the placebo arm did not complete this assessment.

The analysis was done on the patients who completed the assessment. One patient in the placebo arm did not complete this assessment.

The analysis was done on the patients who completed the assessment. Three patients in the randomized midazolam arm and 2 patients in the placebo arm did not complete this assessment.

Pulse oximetry measures the oxygenation of a patient's hemoglobin. A sensor is placed on the patient's finger. Light at red and infrared wavelengths is passed sequentially through the patient to a photodetector. The changing absorbance at each of the two wavelengths is measured, allowing determination of the absorbance. The color of the blood provides a measure of oxygenation (the percentage of hemoglobin molecules bound with oxygen molecules). A healthy young person will probably have an oxygen saturation of 95-99%.

The analysis was done on the patients who completed the assessment. Three patients in the randomized midazolam arm and 2 patients in the placebo arm did not complete this assessment.

The analysis was done on the patients who completed the assessment. Three patients in the randomized midazolam arm and 2 patients in the placebo arm did not complete this assessment.

The analysis was done on the patients who completed the assessment. Three patients in the randomized midazolam arm and 2 patients in the placebo arm did not complete this assessment.

The analysis was done on the patients who completed the assessment. Three patients in the randomized midazolam arm and 3 patients in the placebo arm did not complete this assessment.

Pulse oximetry measures the oxygenation of a patient's hemoglobin. A sensor is placed on the patient's finger. Light at red and infrared wavelengths is passed sequentially through the patient to a photodetector. The changing absorbance at each of the two wavelengths is measured, allowing determination of the absorbance. The color of the blood provides a measure of oxygenation (the percentage of hemoglobin molecules bound with oxygen molecules). A healthy young person will probably have an oxygen saturation of 95-99%.

The analysis was done on the patients who completed the assessment. Three patients in the randomized midazolam arm and 3 patients in the placebo arm did not complete this assessment.