This study is designed to test whether CT-2103/carboplatin provides improved overall survival compared to paclitaxel/carboplatin in women with NSCLC who have estradiol levels >30 pg/ml.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Women with baseline estradiol >25 pg/mL
2. Histologically- or cytologically-confirmed diagnosis of NSCLC.
3. ECOG performance score (PS) of 0, 1, or 2.
4. Patients must meet one of the following criteria have either (1) Recurrent disease following completion of radiation or surgery, (2) Stage IIIB disease and not be a candidate for combined modality therapy (primary radiation therapy or surgery), or (3) Stage IV disease.
5. At least 18 years of age.
6. Adequate bone marrow function
7. Adequate renal function
8. Adequate hepatic function
9. Life expectancy ≥12 weeks

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Known hypersensitivity to the excipients or the study drug (either CT-2103, paclitaxel, or carboplatin that the patient will receive.
2. Evidence of small cell carcinoma, carcinoid, or mixed small cell/non-small cell histology.
3. Weight loss >10% in previous 6 months
4. LDH > 2.5X IULN
5. Both LDH > 1.5X IULN and ≥ 5% weight loss in previous 6 months
6. BMI >35
7. Any prior systemic chemotherapy for the treatment of lung cancer. This includes systemic radiosensitizers used to treat brain metastases and any biologic agent.
8. Local palliative radiotherapy < 7 days before randomization.
9. Radiation with curative intent < 30 days before randomization.
10. Concurrent primary malignancies except for carcinoma in situ or non-melanoma skin cancer.
11. Grade 2 or greater neuropathy.
12. Evidence of significant unstable neurological symptoms within the 4 weeks before study randomization.
13. Clinically significant active infection for which active therapy is underway.
14. Investigational therapy within 4 weeks before randomization, unless local requirements are more stringent.
15. Unstable medical conditions including unstable angina or myocardial infarction within the past 6 months before randomization.
16. Pregnant women or nursing mothers.