Subjects completed a computer-based cognitive test designed to measure sustained attention (attention to a specific stimulus over a period of several minutes) before and after intranasal treatment. During this test, participants respond as quickly as possible to any consecutive presentation of identical stimuli on the computer screen. The stimuli (2, 3, and 4-digit targets) were presented with increasing cognitive load in successive blocks. Correct responses, responses made to the second of 2 identical stimuli presented in a row, were scored as hits. False alarms were also recorded. The "d prime score" is a score given to each participant on a scale of 0.0- 1.0 in which discrimination sensitivity is measured. A score of zero equates to no sensitivity, whereas a score of 1.0 equates to perfect sensitivity. Values below represent postreatment performance minus pretreatment performance. Higher scores represent less advanced psychopathology. Week 8 values are displayed below.

Subjects completed a computer-based cognitive test. The test is described in detail in a previous outcome measure ("CPT d prime score"). Hits rate was defined as the proportion of correct responses to the relevant stimuli (response to two identical targets) compared to total responses (total hits). Assessments were completed at Screening/Baseline, Week 4, and Week 8. Hits rate as a proportion of total hits was measured. Min score= 0, Max score= 1.0. Higher values represent higher stimulus recognition accuracy, and thus less advanced psychopathology. Week 8 values are displayed below.

Subjects completed a computer-based cognitive functioning test designed to measure sustained attention (attention to a stimulus over a period of several minutes). The test is described in detail in a previous outcome measure ("CPT d prime score"). Reaction time of hits is defined as the average time each participant took to respond correctly to relevant stimuli. Assessments were completed at Screening/Baseline, Week 4, and Week 8. Reaction time was measured in milliseconds. Max score= N/A. Lower values represent less advanced psychopathology. Week 8 values are displayed below.

Subjects completed a computer-based cognitive functioning test designed to measure sustained attention (attention to a stimulus over a period of several minutes). False alarm rate is defined as the proportion of overall hits that were in response to an incorrect stimulus (two consecutive non-identical targets). Assessments were completed at Screening/Baseline, Week 4, and Week 8. False-alarm hits were measured as a proportion of total hits. Min score= 0, Max score= 1.0. Lower values represent higher hit accuracy and less advanced psychopathology. Week 8 values are displayed below.

Positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and general psychopatholgy of schizophrenia were measured at Screening/Baseline, Week 4, and Week 8. The assessment consisted of 30 total items, with each item measured on a seven-point scale (1= absent, 4= moderate, 7= extreme). Min score= 30, Max score= 210. Higher scores represent more advanced psychopathology. Week 8 values are displayed below.

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia were measured at Screening/Baseline, Week 4, and Week 8. The assessment consisted of seven items, with each item measured on a seven-point scale (1= absent, 4= moderate, 7= extreme). Min score= 7, Max score= 49. Higher scores represent more advanced psychopathology. Week 8 values are displayed below.

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia were measured at Screening/Baseline, Week 4, and Week 8. Assessment consisted of seven-items, with each item measured on a seven-point scale (1= absent, 4= moderate, 7= extreme). Min score= 7, Max score= 49. Higher scores represent more advanced psychopathology. Week 8 values are displayed below.

General psychopathology was measured at Screening/Baseline, Week 4, and Week 8. The assessment consisted of 16 items, with each item measured on a seven-point scale (1= absent, 4= moderate, 7= extreme). Min score= 16, Max score= 112. Higher scores represent more advanced psychopathology. Week 8 values are displayed below.

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia were measured at Screening/Baseline, Week 4, and Week 8. Assessment consisted of 25 items, with each item measured on a six-point scale (0= none, 3= moderate, 5= severe). Min score= 0, Max score= 125. Higher scores represent more advanced psychopathology. Week 8 values are displayed below.

Symptoms of depression were measured at Screening/Baseline, Week 4, and Week 8. Assessment consisted of 9 items, with each item measured on a four-point scale (0= absent, 3= severe). Min score= 0, Max score= 27. Higher scores represent more advanced psychopathology. Week 8 values are displayed below.

Quality of life was measured at Screening/Baseline, Week 4, and Week 8. Assessment consisted of 21 items, with each item measured on a seven-point scale (0= not present, 3= sometimes present, 6= always present). Min score= 0, Max score= 126. Higher scores represent lower quality of life. Week 8 values are displayed below.

Total of all reporting groups

Subjects completed a verbal fluency test. Assessment was completed at Screening/Baseline, Week 4, and Week 8. Higher scores represent higher levels of verbal fluency, and therefore less advanced psychopathology. Min score= 0, Max score= N/A. Week 8 values are displayed below.

All subjects who completed the study for each Arm/Group were analyzed on cognitive function measures; study completion allows for calculation of change scores.

Subjects completed a word recall task. Assessment was completed at Screening/Baseline, Week 4, and Week 8. Higher scores represent higher recall accuracy, and therefore less advanced psychopathology. Min score= 0, Max score= 36. Week 8 values are displayed below.

All subjects who completed the study for each Arm/Group were analyzed on cognitive function measures; study completion allows for calculation of change scores.

Subjects completed a delayed word recall task. Assessments were completed at Screening/Baseline, Week 4, and Week 8. Higher scores represent higher recall accuracy, and therefore less advanced psychopathology. Min score= 0, Max score= 12. Week 8 values are displayed below.

All subjects who completed the study for each Arm/Group were analyzed on cognitive function measures; study completion allows for calculation of change scores.

Subjects completed a timed "trails" (i.e. connect-the-dots) test. Assessments were completed at Screening/Baseline, Week 4, and Week 8. Scores were measured by time to complete in seconds. Max score= N/A. Lower values represent less advanced psychopathology. Week 8 values are displayed below.

All subjects who completed the study for each Arm/Group were analyzed on cognitive function measures; study completion allows for calculation of change scores.

Subjects completed a timed "trails" (i.e. connect the dots) test. Assessments were completed at Screening/Baseline, Week 4, and Week 8. Scores were mesured by time to complete in seconds. Max score= N/A. Lower values represent less advanced psychopathology. Week 8 values are displayed below.

All subjects who completed the study for each Arm/Group were analyzed on cognitive function measures; study completion allows for calculation of change scores.

Subjects completed a computer-based cognitive test designed to measure sustained attention (attention to a specific stimulus over a period of several minutes) before and after intranasal treatment. During this test, participants respond as quickly as possible to any consecutive presentation of identical stimuli on the computer screen. The stimuli (2, 3, and 4-digit targets) were presented with increasing cognitive load in successive blocks. Correct responses, responses made to the second of 2 identical stimuli presented in a row, were scored as hits. False alarms were also recorded. The "d prime score" is a score given to each participant on a scale of 0.0- 1.0 in which discrimination sensitivity is measured. A score of zero equates to no sensitivity, whereas a score of 1.0 equates to perfect sensitivity. Values below represent postreatment performance minus pretreatment performance. Higher scores represent less advanced psychopathology. Week 8 values are displayed below.

All subjects who completed the study for each Arm/Group were analyzed on cognitive function measures; study completion allows for calculation of change scores.

Subjects completed a computer-based cognitive test. The test is described in detail in a previous outcome measure ("CPT d prime score"). Hits rate was defined as the proportion of correct responses to the relevant stimuli (response to two identical targets) compared to total responses (total hits). Assessments were completed at Screening/Baseline, Week 4, and Week 8. Hits rate as a proportion of total hits was measured. Min score= 0, Max score= 1.0. Higher values represent higher stimulus recognition accuracy, and thus less advanced psychopathology. Week 8 values are displayed below.

All subjects who completed the study for each Arm/Group were analyzed on cognitive function measures; study completion allows for calculation of change scores.

Subjects completed a computer-based cognitive functioning test designed to measure sustained attention (attention to a stimulus over a period of several minutes). The test is described in detail in a previous outcome measure ("CPT d prime score"). Reaction time of hits is defined as the average time each participant took to respond correctly to relevant stimuli. Assessments were completed at Screening/Baseline, Week 4, and Week 8. Reaction time was measured in milliseconds. Max score= N/A. Lower values represent less advanced psychopathology. Week 8 values are displayed below.

All subjects who completed the study for each Arm/Group were analyzed on cognitive function measures; study completion allows for calculation of change scores.

Subjects completed a computer-based cognitive functioning test designed to measure sustained attention (attention to a stimulus over a period of several minutes). False alarm rate is defined as the proportion of overall hits that were in response to an incorrect stimulus (two consecutive non-identical targets). Assessments were completed at Screening/Baseline, Week 4, and Week 8. False-alarm hits were measured as a proportion of total hits. Min score= 0, Max score= 1.0. Lower values represent higher hit accuracy and less advanced psychopathology. Week 8 values are displayed below.

All subjects who completed the study for each Arm/Group were analyzed on cognitive function measures; study completion allows for calculation of change scores.

Positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and general psychopatholgy of schizophrenia were measured at Screening/Baseline, Week 4, and Week 8. The assessment consisted of 30 total items, with each item measured on a seven-point scale (1= absent, 4= moderate, 7= extreme). Min score= 30, Max score= 210. Higher scores represent more advanced psychopathology. Week 8 values are displayed below.

All subjects who completed the study for each Arm/Group were analyzed on psychopathology measures; study completion allows for calculation of change scores.

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia were measured at Screening/Baseline, Week 4, and Week 8. The assessment consisted of seven items, with each item measured on a seven-point scale (1= absent, 4= moderate, 7= extreme). Min score= 7, Max score= 49. Higher scores represent more advanced psychopathology. Week 8 values are displayed below.

All subjects who completed the study for each Arm/Group were analyzed on psychopathology measures; study completion allows for calculation of change scores.

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia were measured at Screening/Baseline, Week 4, and Week 8. Assessment consisted of seven-items, with each item measured on a seven-point scale (1= absent, 4= moderate, 7= extreme). Min score= 7, Max score= 49. Higher scores represent more advanced psychopathology. Week 8 values are displayed below.

All subjects who completed the study for each Arm/Group were analyzed on psychopathology measures; study completion allows for calculation of change scores.

General psychopathology was measured at Screening/Baseline, Week 4, and Week 8. The assessment consisted of 16 items, with each item measured on a seven-point scale (1= absent, 4= moderate, 7= extreme). Min score= 16, Max score= 112. Higher scores represent more advanced psychopathology. Week 8 values are displayed below.

All subjects who completed the study for each Arm/Group were analyzed on psychopathology measures; study completion allows for calculation of change scores.

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia were measured at Screening/Baseline, Week 4, and Week 8. Assessment consisted of 25 items, with each item measured on a six-point scale (0= none, 3= moderate, 5= severe). Min score= 0, Max score= 125. Higher scores represent more advanced psychopathology. Week 8 values are displayed below.

All subjects who completed the study for each Arm/Group were analyzed on psychopathology measures; study completion allows for calculation of change scores.

Symptoms of depression were measured at Screening/Baseline, Week 4, and Week 8. Assessment consisted of 9 items, with each item measured on a four-point scale (0= absent, 3= severe). Min score= 0, Max score= 27. Higher scores represent more advanced psychopathology. Week 8 values are displayed below.

All subjects who completed the study for each Arm/Group were analyzed on psychopathology measures; study completion allows for calculation of change scores.

Quality of life was measured at Screening/Baseline, Week 4, and Week 8. Assessment consisted of 21 items, with each item measured on a seven-point scale (0= not present, 3= sometimes present, 6= always present). Min score= 0, Max score= 126. Higher scores represent lower quality of life. Week 8 values are displayed below.

All subjects who completed the study for each Arm/Group were analyzed on psychopathology measures; study completion allows for calculation of change scores.

Placebo group, daily dosage 160 IU placebo for 8 weeks with 4 week follow-up